Help inform the discussion

Theodore Roosevelt: Impact and Legacy

Theodore Roosevelt is widely regarded as the first modern President of the United States. The stature and influence that the office has today began to develop with TR. Throughout the second half of the 1800s, Congress had been the most powerful branch of government. And although the presidency began to amass more power during the 1880s, Roosevelt completed the transition to a strong, effective executive. He made the President, rather than the political parties or Congress, the center of American politics.

Roosevelt did this through the force of his personality and through aggressive executive action. He thought that the President had the right to use any and all powers unless they were specifically denied to him. He believed that as President, he had a unique relationship with and responsibility to the people, and therefore wanted to challenge prevailing notions of limited government and individualism; government, he maintained, should serve as an agent of reform for the people.

His presidency endowed the progressive movement with credibility, lending the prestige of the White House to welfare legislation, government regulation, and the conservation movement. The desire to make society more fair and equitable, with economic possibilities for all Americans, lay behind much of Roosevelt's program. The President also changed the government's relationship to big business. Prior to his presidency, the government had generally given the titans of industry carte blanche to accomplish their goals. Roosevelt believed that the government had the right and the responsibility to regulate big business so that its actions did not negatively affect the general public. However, he never fundamentally challenged the status of big business, believing that its existence marked a naturally occurring phase of the country's economic evolution.

Roosevelt also revolutionized foreign affairs, believing that the United States had a global responsibility and that a strong foreign policy served the country's national interest. He became involved in Latin America with little hesitation: he oversaw the Panama Canal negotiations to advocate for U.S. interests and intervened in Venezuela and Santo Domingo to preserve stability in the region. He also worked with Congress to strengthen the U.S. Navy, which he believed would deter potential enemies from targeting the country, and he applied his energies to negotiating peace agreements, working to balance power throughout the world.

Even after he left office, Roosevelt continued to work for his ideals. The Progressive Party's New Nationalism in 1912 launched a drive for protective federal regulation that looked forward to the progressive movements of the 1930s and the 1960s. Indeed, Roosevelt's progressive platform encompassed nearly every progressive ideal later enshrined in the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Fair Deal of Harry S. Truman, the New Frontier of John F. Kennedy, and the Great Society of Lyndon B. Johnson.

In terms of presidential style, Roosevelt introduced "charisma" into the political equation. He had a strong rapport with the public and he understood how to use the media to shape public opinion. He was the first President whose election was based more on the individual than the political party. When people voted Republican in 1904, they were generally casting their vote for Roosevelt the man instead of for him as the standard-bearer of the Republican Party. The most popular President up to his time, Roosevelt used his enthusiasm to win votes, to shape issues, and to mold opinions. In the process, he changed the executive office forever.

Milkis

Sidney Milkis

Professor of Politics University of Virginia

More Resources

Theodore roosevelt presidency page, theodore roosevelt essays, life in brief, life before the presidency, campaigns and elections, domestic affairs, foreign affairs, life after the presidency, family life, the american franchise, impact and legacy (current essay).

If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website.

If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked.

To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser.

Course: US history   >   Unit 7

  • Introduction to the age of empire
  • The age of empire
  • The Spanish-American War
  • Imperialism
  • The Progressives

The Progressive Era

  • The presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
  • Progressivism
  • The period of US history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the Progressive Era , an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society.
  • Progressive Era reformers sought to harness the power of the federal government to eliminate unethical and unfair business practices, reduce corruption, and counteract the negative social effects of industrialization.
  • During the Progressive Era, protections for workers and consumers were strengthened, and women finally achieved the right to vote.

The problems of industrialization

The ideology and politics of progressivism, the dark side of progressivism, what do you think, want to join the conversation.

  • Upvote Button navigates to signup page
  • Downvote Button navigates to signup page
  • Flag Button navigates to signup page

Incredible Answer

Theodore Roosevelt Collection

Overview and history.

The Theodore Roosevelt Collection, housed in Harvard’s Houghton and Widener libraries, is a major resource for the study of the life and times of the 26th president of the United States.

The collection started as a research library opened in New York City by the Roosevelt Memorial Association in 1923. It was presented by that organization (known since 1953 as the  Theodore Roosevelt Association ) to Harvard University, Roosevelt's alma mater, in 1943.

The collection includes:

  • correspondence of Roosevelt and his family;
  • original manuscripts that include many of Roosevelt’s diaries, speeches, articles, and books;
  • the archives of the  Progressive Party  and of many of Roosevelt’s biographers;
  • and a vast collection of books and articles, photographs, political cartoons, and ephemera relating to both Roosevelt’s personal and professional life.

Teddy Roosevelt sits in a chair while wearing sculling gear. At this time, about 1877, he was an an undergraduate at Harvard.

Personal and Family Papers

Personal papers in Harvard’s Roosevelt collection include Roosevelt’s:

  • childhood and travel diaries
  • personal, pre-presidential scrapbooks
  • speech, article, and book drafts
  • letters, chiefly to his family

Additional Roosevelt family correspondence and diaries are found in the papers of both of Roosevelt’s sisters, his wife Edith, daughter Ethel Derby, and son Archibald. The collection also includes papers of Progressive editor Edwin Van Valkenburg and labor economist Charles Patrick Neill.

The majority of manuscript correspondence and compositions written or dictated by Roosevelt have been digitized. Links to digitized material can be found in the guides to the various manuscript and archival collections.

History and Politics

Archival materials in the collection include:

  • a chronological file of speech texts
  • interviews with Roosevelt’s contemporaries
  • research notes and book drafts of Roosevelt’s biographers John Callan O'Laughlin, Hermann Hagedorn, Lawrence F. Abbott, William Roscoe Thayer, John J. Leary, Henry F. Pringle, Carleton Putnam, Stefan Lorant, G. Wallace Chessman, Nathan Miller, John Gable, and Kathleen Dalton
  • correspondence, committee minutes, platform drafts, convention proceedings, membership lists, and financial records of the  Progressive Party  (1912–1916)

Theodore Roosevelt delivering a speech from a carriage in Connecticut.

Printed Works

Books in the Roosevelt collection (more than 14,000 items) are shelved mainly in Widener Library. The collection tries maintain as comprehensive a set as possible of published writing by and about Roosevelt.

Photographs and Cartoons

The Roosevelt collection include thousands of photographs that document Roosevelt’s public and private life, family, homes, and memorials. Many of the images in the collection have been digitized. You can access them via  HOLLIS Images .

Many of the images in the collection have been digitized (up to about 1910, or through the end of Roosevelt's presidency).

Browse these photographs by topic from the following list:

General to 1905 inaugural

  • T.C. Platt album

Childhood and youth, 1858-1880

  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: childhood and youth

Ranching in Dakota, 1883-1886

  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: ranching in Dakota

War of 1898 / Spanish-American War

  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: War of 1898
  • Baker photographs of transports
  • Dinwiddie Rough Rider photographs of Tampa and Cuba
  • D.L. Elmendorf lantern slides
  • D.L. Elmendorf photographs: Tampa, Key West, Dewey Parade
  • D.L. Elmendorf photographs: Artillery, Cavalry, Infantry regiments
  • D.L. Elmendorf photographs: Montauk, Long Island
  • Emerson Rough Rider lantern slides
  • Hahn photographs of the Cuban coast
  • Harmon photographs of Cuba
  • Hemment photographs of battleships
  • Knapp Rough Rider snapshot album
  • Lamarque photographs of Cuba
  • Prentice Rough Rider snapshot album
  • C.R. Robinson album of Cuba and Montauk
  • Rough Riders in San Antonio

Pre-presidential political career, 1881-1901

  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: pre-presidential political career
  • Impressions of the campaign, 1900

Presidency, 1901-1909

  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: presidency, 1901-1902
  • New England speaking tour, 1902
  • George Prince portraits of Cabinet and Senate, ca. 1902
  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: presidency, 1903-1904
  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: presidency, 1905
  • Simpson Western trip photographs, 1905
  • Lambert Western trip photographs, 1905
  • C.E. Emery souvenir album of Colorado bear hunt, 1905
  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: presidency, 1906-1909

Post-presidential years, 1909-1919

  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: African safari, 1909-1910--dated
  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: African safari, 1909-1910--undated
  • Kermit Roosevelt photographs of the African safari, 1909-1910--numbered
  • Kermit Roosevelt photographs of the African safari, 1909-1910--unnumbered
  • Western and southern trips, 1910
  • E.B. Bacon snapshot album, 1912
  • Roosevelt in Spokane, 1912
  • Photographs from Sagamore Hill albums
  • Theodore Roosevelt Collection photographs: family portraits

A collection of over 4,000 political cartoons, virtually all now digitized, spanning 35 years of Roosevelt’s public career are also included in the collection. These include both  original drawings,  and  published cartoons.

Printed ephemera in the collection include campaign literature, broadsides, and newspaper clippings.

There are also files of diplomas and certificates, sheet music, picture postcards, invitations, programs, banquet menus, campaign buttons and ribbons, and other souvenir artifacts.

For more on the ephemera collection, see  HOLLIS .

Other Resources

  • The Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress  compliments the Harvard collection. It holds the Roosevelt presidential collection as well as some family papers and early Roosevelt materials. The finding aid includes additional details. 
  • Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University  has created a presidential digital library, which serves as a depository for Roosevelt-related documents, photographs, and ephemera. 
  • Sagamore Hill National Historic Site , the home of Theodore Roosevelt from 1885 until his death in 1919, offers guided tours as well as special events and programs throughout the year.
  • Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace , reconstructed after his death, offers guided tours throughout the year.
  • The  Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historical Site  is the location where, following the assassination of President McKinley in Buffalo, New York, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office. The site is now open for tours.
  • Theodore and Edith Roosevelt purchased the small Pine Knot  cabin in the Virginia woods in 1905 to use as a retreat from their busy lives in Washington. The house is now open for tours by appointment.
  • Roosevelt spent several years ranching in Dakota Territory; his experiences out west helped inspire his significant conservation efforts as president. The Theodore Roosevelt National Park preserves the land on which his Elkhorn Ranch stood, as well as his first ranch cabin. It's open year round. 
  • Founded in 1919 and chartered by Congress in 1920, the Theodore Roosevelt Association is a national historical society and public service organization that has perpetuated the memory and legacy of Theodore Roosevelt through an array of historical and cultural activities.

Accessing These Materials

There is no single database that can be searched for material in the Theodore Roosevelt Collection. Researchers should consult HOLLIS for books and single manuscripts/objects; HOLLIS Images for photographs and cartoons; and HOLLIS for Archival Discovery for manuscript and archive collections. An initial search in HOLLIS is recommended . The Theodore Roosevelt Collection is physically housed in two Harvard libraries: Widener Library and Houghton Library. The specific location of material is listed in HOLLIS. The collections are open to all scholars and Roosevelt enthusiasts over the age of 18. Another resource for locating material is the Dictionary Catalog and Shelflist , a published catalog of the contents of the Roosevelt collection to 1970. Material listed in the DCSL is not always replicated in HOLLIS.

The Widener portion of the collection contains books and articles by and on Theodore Roosevelt, and on the Progressive Era. All manuscripts, archival resources, photographs and visual material, and ephemera, as well as a substantial collection of books and other print resources, are housed at Houghton Library. Visitors to Houghton Library must register for a HOLLIS Special Request account before using materials. Copyright and Permissions

All of Roosevelt’s written work, in manuscript or published form, is in the public domain. The work of other family members may still be under copyright. Any photographs created before 1923 are in the public domain.

To cite material from the collection, please use each item’s call number and “Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University.”

  • email: Email
  • Phone number 617-495-2440

Related Collections

Modern american culture collections.

Teacher Seminars In Person : Join us in California, Illinois, New Jersey, and Virginia this summer. Apply by March 5, 2024.

  • AP US History Study Guide
  • History U: Courses for High School Students
  • History School: Summer Enrichment
  • Lesson Plans
  • Classroom Resources
  • Spotlights on Primary Sources
  • Professional Development (Academic Year)
  • Professional Development (Summer)
  • Book Breaks
  • Inside the Vault
  • Self-Paced Courses
  • Browse All Resources
  • Search by Issue
  • Search by Essay
  • Become a Member (Free)
  • Monthly Offer (Free for Members)
  • Program Information
  • Scholarships and Financial Aid
  • Applying and Enrolling
  • Eligibility (In-Person)
  • EduHam Online
  • Hamilton Cast Read Alongs
  • Official Website
  • Press Coverage
  • Veterans Legacy Program
  • The Declaration at 250
  • Black Lives in the Founding Era
  • Celebrating American Historical Holidays
  • Browse All Programs
  • Donate Items to the Collection
  • Search Our Catalog
  • Research Guides
  • Rights and Reproductions
  • See Our Documents on Display
  • Bring an Exhibition to Your Organization
  • Interactive Exhibitions Online
  • About the Transcription Program
  • Civil War Letters
  • Founding Era Newspapers
  • College Fellowships in American History
  • Scholarly Fellowship Program
  • Richard Gilder History Prize
  • David McCullough Essay Prize
  • Affiliate School Scholarships
  • Nominate a Teacher
  • Eligibility
  • State Winners
  • National Winners
  • Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize
  • Gilder Lehrman Military History Prize
  • George Washington Prize
  • Frederick Douglass Book Prize
  • Our Mission and History
  • Annual Report
  • Contact Information
  • Student Advisory Council
  • Teacher Advisory Council
  • Board of Trustees
  • Remembering Richard Gilder
  • President's Council
  • Scholarly Advisory Board
  • Internships
  • Our Partners
  • Press Releases

Period 7: 1890-1945 (AP US History)

Period 7: 1890-1945.

An increasingly pluralistic United States faced profound domestic and global challenges, debated the proper degree of government activism, and sought to define its international role. Topics may include

Debates over Imperialism

The progressive movement, world war i, innovations in communications and technology in the 1920s, the great depression and the new deal, world war ii, postwar diplomacy.

Image Source : Destitute pea pickers in California. Mother of seven children. Age thirty-two. Nipomo, California , a photograph by Dorothea Lange taken in 1936 when she was working for the Resettlement Administration. (Library of Congress)

Famous black and white depression-era photo showing destitute mother with children

10-17% Exam Weighting

Resources by Period:

  • Period 1: 1491–1607
  • Period 2: 1607–1754
  • Period 3: 1754–1800
  • Period 4: 1800–1848
  • Period 5: 1844–1877
  • Period 6: 1865–1898
  • Period 7: 1890–1945
  • Period 8: 1945–1980
  • Period 9: 1980–Present

Key Concepts

7.1 : Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.

7.2 : Innovations in communications and technology contributed to the growth of mass culture, while significant changes occurred in internal and international migration patterns.

7.3 : Participation in a series of global conflicts propelled the United States into a position of international power while renewing domestic debates over the nation’s proper role in the world.

Illustration about American imperialism.

Empire Builders

By robert w. cherny.

Learn about the reactions to the growth of an American overseas empire.

Illustration of US navy in Cuba.

Our Victorious Fleet in Cuban Waters

Print depicting American naval forces off Cuba during the Spanish-American War

  • Primary Source

Illustration about US involvement in the Philippines.

The War against Spain in the Philippines in 1898

By richard meixel.

Learn about US naval actions in Southeast Asia during the Spanish-American War.

1901 photo of Ha-ta-men Gate.

The US in China

By warren cohen.

Learn about the US support of the Open Door Policy and reaction to the Boxer Rebellion.

Political cartoon showing America being drawn into war.

The Open Door Policy and the Boxer War

Learn about how the Open Door Policy served US economic, cultural, and strategic interests in China.

Political cartoon showing problem of child labor in America.

The Politics of Reform

By julie des jardins.

Learn about the politics of reform during the Progressive era.

Lithograph of women marching in suffrage parade in Washington DC.

Women in American Politics in the Twentieth Century

By sara evans.

Learn about women who advocated full participation in American public and political life during the suffrage movement.

Photo of Teddy Roosevelt giving a speech.

The Square Deal

By kirsten swinth.

Learn about themes of Progressive reform and Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal.

Photo of Women's Suffrage picket of the White House.

The Progressive Era to the New Era, 1900-1929

By daniel rodgers.

The Progressive Era to the New Era (1900-1929) Timeline and essay explaining the domestic and global challenges facing the US.

Negro Business League response to legal bars to voting in Virginia.

Disfranchisement of African American voters

Negro Business League response to legal bars to voting in Virginia

Yiddish music about the Triangle Shirtwaist fire.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

Sheet music in Yiddish lamenting the deaths in Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

A purple silk banner with gold fringe and the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs' motto, "Lifting As We Climb" painted in large gold letters.

Women and the Progressive Movement

By miriam cohen.

Learn about the women who sought to address a variety of social problems associated with industrialization

Lithograph depicting women's role promoting prohibition.

The Supreme Court upholds national prohibition

The Supreme Court upholds Prohibition and the Volstead Act

Pamphlet showing how to vote for women's suffrage.

Modern Women Persuading Modern Men

By jonathan soffer .

Learn about the women's struggle for suffrage.

Pamphlet decrying lynching crisis.

Lynching in America

NAACP broadside presenting the shocking statistics regarding lynching in America

World War 1 poster.

World War I poems: “In Flanders Fields” & “The Answer"

Nurse's diary containing McCrae’s poem reflecting upon the horrors of WWI

Photo of troops in World War 1.

by Jennifer D. Keene

Learn about America's role in WWI.

Recruitment poster targeting black enlistment.

Recruiting posters for African American soldiers

Military recruitment of Black troops during World War I

Teddy Roosavelt letter expressing thoughts about the Lusitania.

Theodore Roosevelt on the sinking of the Lusitania

Former president urges US involvement in WWI

Political cartoon showing Roman soldier walking towards horizon with piece of paper on the ground saying "15 Nations Sign Anti-War Treaty"

America's role in the world

By michael neiberg.

Read about American foreign policy between the world wars.

Cabinet secretary statement defending Wilson.

Treaty of Versailles and President Wilson

1919 and 1921.

Former Cabinet secretary's statement that "Woodrow Wilson did not fail"

Pamphlet criticizing use of Espionage and Sedition Acts.

Deportation: Its Meaning and Menace

Pamphlet criticizing the US government for its use of the Espionage and Sedition Acts

Cartoon showing wall labeled "Literacy Test" with family on one side and Uncle Sam on the other

The Dillingham Commission

By robert zeidel.

Learn about the background to the 1917 Literacy Test Act and the 1921 Quota Act.

Photo of Ford Model T car.

The Rise of Consumerism in the 1920s

By michael flamm.

Listen to a discussion about purchasing power, occupation, and identity

Ford advertisement in 1908 newspaper.

Motor City: The Story of Detroit

By thomas sugrue.

Read about the origins of Henry Ford's factory system in Detroit and its legacy.

"Big Business Banishes the Flapper" article from Morning Tulsa Daily World.

The Roaring Twenties

By joshua zeitz.

Examine why the 1920s heralded a dramatic break in American social, economic, and political policies.

"Advice Sheet" for theaters restricting access to Birth of a Nation for African Americans

Birth of a Nation

"Advice Sheet" for theaters restricting access to Birth of a Nation for African Americans

Herbert Hoover signature

The Great Depression

By david kennedy.

Learn about some of the causes and consequences of the Great Depression.

Photo of FDR.

The New Deal

By thomas kessner.

Learn about FDR's New Deal.

Photo of the Silent Protest in 1917.

Jim Crow and the Great Migration

By jonathan scott holloway.

Learn about the reasons behind the Great Migration.

Roosevelt memo to House Speaker.

The Hundred Days and Beyond

By anthony j. badger.

Understand how the New Deal functioned as  a "laboratory for economic learning."

Recruitment poster for Arizona Civilian Conservation Corps

Civilian Conservation Corps poster

Enlistment poster for the CCC, which put young men to work improving parks and creating infrastructure

Photo showing WPA worker receiving a paycheck with sign in background "USA Work Program WPA"

Why the New Deal Matters

By eric rauchway .

Watch a discussion of FDR's New Deal.

Photo of farmers during the Dust Bowl.

Photograph of an abandoned farm in the Dust Bowl

Dorothea Lange photograph depicting the devastation caused by the Dust Bowl

1870s engraving depicing the interior of the New York Clearing House featuring lines of people come to enact financial transactions

The US Banking System

By richard sylla.

Read about the emergence of the banking industry in the United States.

WWII poster showing four soldiers planting the US flag with text saying "Now All Together"

by Kenneth T. Jackson

Learn about US involvement in WWII.

US Citizens Defense Corps logos.

Civilian defense on the home front

Excerpt from The US Citizens Defense Corp handbook explaining the duties and responsibilities of home-front volunteers

Army photo celebrating women's contribution to war effort.

The World War II Home Front

By allan m. winkler.

Learn how activities on the home front supported US efforts during WWII.

Japan's declaration of war.

Japan declares war

Japan's Declaration of War coinciding with the attach on Pearl Harbor

Photo of Japanese storefront for rent.

From Citizen to Enemy

Learn about the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.

Notice to Japanese to assemble for transport to detention camps.

Japanese internment

Broadside instructing the Japanese "to assemble for transport to detention camps"

Scientists' statement on atomic bomb.

Physicists predict a nuclear arms race

"Preliminary Statement of the Association of Manhattan District Scientists" emphasizing the need to control atomic weaponry

Photo of Potsdam meeting.

Truman and His Doctrine

By elizabeth edwards spalding.

Read about how and why Truman devised a strategy of containment

Harry Truman letter to Dean Acheson.

Harry S. Truman responds to McCarthy

Truman response to McCarthy, characterizing him as "the best asset that the Kremlin can have"

Photograph showing Clement Atlee, Harry Truman, and Joseph Stalin stead outdoors at the Potsdam Conference

The Origins of the Cold War

By john lewis gaddis.

Learn about U.S.-Soviet relations from the nineteenth century through the end of World War II.

American History Timeline: 1890-1945

Image citations.

Listed in order of appearance in the sections above

  • Keppler, Udo J. "His 128th birthday. 'Gee, But This Is an Awful Stretch!'" Puck, June 29, 1904. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Currier & Ives. Our Victorious Fleets in Cuban Waters. New York, 1898. Chromolithograph. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC03534.
  • Ehrhart, Samuel D. "If They'll Only Be Good." Puck, January 31, 1900. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Ricalton, James. West from Ha-ta-men Gate along Huge Ancient Wall between Tartar and Chinese Peking, Scene of a Desperate Charge during Siege - China. New York: Underwood & Underwood, 1901. Photograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Keppler, Udo J. "The Tug of War in the Far East." Puck, September 14, 1898. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Riis, Jacob A. Street Arabs in "sleeping quarters." New York, ca. 1888. Photograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Woman Suffrage Procession, Washington, DC. Official Program. March 3, 1913. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division.
  • Underwood & Underwood. "Good Government Is Practically Applying the Principles Which Make a Man a Good Citizen" - President [Theodore] Roosevelt, Waterville, Maine. 1902. Stereoview. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC06449.22.
  • Harris & Ewing. Woman Suffrage Pickets at White House. Washington, DC, 1917. Photograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Jackson, Giles B. Letter to R. C. Burrow, June 22, 1901. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC08907.
  • Rumshisky, Joseph, and Anshel Schorr. "'Mamenu' or The Triangle Victims" (in Yiddish). New York: Hebrew Publishing Co., 1911. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC06225.
  • National Association of Colored Women’s Club. "Lifting As We Climb." Banner, ca. 1924. silk (fiber), wood, paint.
  • Currier & Ives. Woman's Holy War :Grand Charge on the Enemy's Works. New York, 1874. Lithograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. 
  • N. Y. State Woman Suffrage Party. How to Vote for Woman Suffrage Amendment, Election Day, November 6th, 1917. Albany, NY, 1917. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC08961.
  • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. For the Good of America. New York, ca. 1926. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC06197.
  • Chandler, Howard John. The Spirit of America -- Join. American Red Cross, 1919. Color lithograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Come Out! [Volume 1, No. 2 (January 10, 1970)] Newspaper, GLC09872.02
  • Renesch, Edward George. Colored Man Is No Slacker. Chicago, 1918. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC06134.
  • Roosevelt, Theodore. Letter to Oscar King Davis, June 23, 1915. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC08003.
  • Berryman, Clifford Kennedy. 15 Nations Sign Anti-war Treaty. August 27, 1928. Berryman Political Cartoon Collection, 1896-1949; Records of the U.S. Senate, Record Group 46. National Archives.
  • McAdoo, William G. Statement given out by Ex-Secreatry of the Treasury on Woodrow Wilson, March 4, 1921. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC03967.
  • Berkman, Alexander, and Emma Goldman. Deportation, Its Meaning and Menace. New York, 1918. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC06222.
  • Evans, Raymond Oscar. “The Americanese Wall, as Congressman Burnett Would Build It .” Puck, March 25, 1916. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Unknown photographer. The First Model T Ford. New York, 1908. Photograph. New York Public Library Digital Collections. 
  • Ford Touring Car advertisement. Alma (Mich.) Record, October 1, 1908, p. 4. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress.
  • "Big Business Banishes the Flapper." Morning Tulsa Daily World, July 16, 1922. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Library of Congress.
  • Edwards, Jack. "Advice Sheet. D. W. Griffith's 'The Birth of a Nation.'" ca. 1915. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC05091.
  • Hoover, Herbert. Letter to Louis L. Emmerson, July 10, 1931. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC03146.
  • Harris & Ewing. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Washington DC, ca. 1941. Photograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Underwood & Underwood. Silent Protest Parade in New York City against the East St. Louis Riots. New York, 1917. Photograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Roosevelt, Franklin D. Letter to Henry T. Rainey, June 10, 1933. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC07468.
  • Arizona Civilian Conservation Corps. "Great Oaks from Little Acorns." 1938. Recruitment poster. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC06196.262.
  • Unknown photographer. Photograph of Works Progress Administration Worker Receiving Paycheck. January 1939. Photograph. Record Group 594956. WPA Information Division Photographic Index. National Archives.
  • Lange, Dorothea. Dust Bowl Farmers of West Texas in Town. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information, June 1937. Photograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Pennsylvania. Two shilling and Six-pence note, No. 4665. April 3, 1772. Printed by Hall and Sellers. Signed by Cadwalader Morris, Joseph Swift, and Samuel Hudson. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC01450.226.01.
  • United States. War Division. 7th war loan/now all together. Poster. 1945. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC09520.34.
  • US Office of Civilian Defense. Special Civilian Defense Insignia. 1942. Poster. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC09520.36.
  • Treidler, Adolph, and US Army. Soldiers Without Guns. Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1944. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. Declaration of War against the United States and Britain [in Japanese]. December 8, 1941. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC01415.
  • Albers, Clem. Los Angeles, Calif. Apr. 1942. A store for rent in “Little Tokyo” after residents of Japanese ancestry were assigned to War Relocation Authority centers for the duration. Washington DC: War Relocation Authority, April 11, 1942. Photograph. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.
  • DeWitt, J. L. US Army. Instructions to All Persons of Japanese Ancestry.  May 3, 1942. Broadside. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC06360.
  • Kaplan, Irving. "Preliminary Statement of the Association of Manhattan District Scientists." ca. August 1945. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC03152.02.
  • United States. Army. Signal Corps. Winston Churchill, Harry Truman, and Joseph Stalin at Potsdam. ca. July-August 1945. Photograph. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC04457.
  • Truman, Harry S. Letter to Dean Acheson, March 31, 1950. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC00782.22.
  • Clement Attlee, Harry Truman, and Joseph Stalin, seated outdoors at Berlin conference. Germany Potsdam, 1945. Aug. 1. Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/96522042/ .

Stay up to date, and subscribe to our quarterly newsletter.

Learn how the Institute impacts history education through our work guiding teachers, energizing students, and supporting research.

Teacher Seminars In Person : Join us in California, Illinois, New Jersey, and Virginia this summer. Apply by March 5, 2024.

  • AP US History Study Guide
  • History U: Courses for High School Students
  • History School: Summer Enrichment
  • Lesson Plans
  • Classroom Resources
  • Spotlights on Primary Sources
  • Professional Development (Academic Year)
  • Professional Development (Summer)
  • Book Breaks
  • Inside the Vault
  • Self-Paced Courses
  • Browse All Resources
  • Search by Issue
  • Search by Essay
  • Become a Member (Free)
  • Monthly Offer (Free for Members)
  • Program Information
  • Scholarships and Financial Aid
  • Applying and Enrolling
  • Eligibility (In-Person)
  • EduHam Online
  • Hamilton Cast Read Alongs
  • Official Website
  • Press Coverage
  • Veterans Legacy Program
  • The Declaration at 250
  • Black Lives in the Founding Era
  • Celebrating American Historical Holidays
  • Browse All Programs
  • Donate Items to the Collection
  • Search Our Catalog
  • Research Guides
  • Rights and Reproductions
  • See Our Documents on Display
  • Bring an Exhibition to Your Organization
  • Interactive Exhibitions Online
  • About the Transcription Program
  • Civil War Letters
  • Founding Era Newspapers
  • College Fellowships in American History
  • Scholarly Fellowship Program
  • Richard Gilder History Prize
  • David McCullough Essay Prize
  • Affiliate School Scholarships
  • Nominate a Teacher
  • Eligibility
  • State Winners
  • National Winners
  • Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize
  • Gilder Lehrman Military History Prize
  • George Washington Prize
  • Frederick Douglass Book Prize
  • Our Mission and History
  • Annual Report
  • Contact Information
  • Student Advisory Council
  • Teacher Advisory Council
  • Board of Trustees
  • Remembering Richard Gilder
  • President's Council
  • Scholarly Advisory Board
  • Internships
  • Our Partners
  • Press Releases

History Resources

Banner

Many essays pertaining to Theodore Roosevelt and his times have been published on the Gilder Lehrman Institute website and in History Now , the online journal of the Gilder Lehrman Institute. Selected essays are available here, to provide historical perspective for teachers, students, and general readers.

The first two essays are open to everyone for free. The rest of the essays are available by subscription to History Resources (free for K–12 teachers and students in the free Gilder Lehrman Affiliate School Program; to join visit this page: Affiliate School Program ).

  • “The Square Deal: Theodore Roosevelt and the Themes of Progressive Reform” by Kirsten Swift , History Now 17 (Fall 2008): Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era An overview of progressivism, focusing on the historical context for the rise of this diffuse and complex movement
  • “The United States and the Caribbean, 1877–1920” by Jason Colby A discussion of the change in the relationship between the United States and the Caribbean region that was closely tied to the transformation of the United States to an industrial and imperial power
  • “The Progressive Era to the New Era, 1900-1929” by Daniel T. Rodgers
  • “Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Progressive Reformer” by Kathleen Dalton , History Now 17 (Fall 2008): Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era
  • “‘The Politics of the Future Are Social Politics‘: Progressivism in International Perspective” by Thomas Bender , History Now 17 (Fall 2008): Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era
  • “The Spectacles of 1912” by Patricia O’Toole , History Now 17 (Fall 2008): Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era
  • “The Jungle and the Progressive Era” by Robert W. Cherny , History Now 16 (Summer 2008): Books That Changed History A close look at the muckraking journalism of the Progressive era and at the conditions in factories, government, and cities
  • “The Transnational Nature of the Progressive Era” by Daniel T. Rodgers , History Now 30 (Winter 2012): American Reform Movements An exploration of how American solutions to the problems of urbanization, immigration, and environmental protection were often modeled on various European efforts to improve conditions in their own countries
  • “Empire Building” by Robert W. Cherny
  • “The Politics of Reform“ by Julie Des Jardins
  • “The Dillingham Commission and the ‘Immigration Question,’ 1907−1921” by Robert Zeidel , History Now 52 (Fall 2018): The History of US Immigration Laws A discussion of the 1917 Literacy Test Act and the 1921 Quota Act and the changing context for immigration produced by industrialization and the rise in xenophobia

Stay up to date, and subscribe to our quarterly newsletter.

Learn how the Institute impacts history education through our work guiding teachers, energizing students, and supporting research.

Theodore Roosevelt’s Progressive Ideas Essay

Theodore Roosevelt was one of the youngest American presidents known for his progressive ideas and the desire to change society, addressing the existing distrust and helplessness. The decision to promote progressive ideas was not spontaneous, and he saw the movement as the possibility to protect the real rule of humans (Roosevelt, 1912). The characteristics of a progressive are the intention to stand for social justice, achieve good for all people, and improve the environment in which individuals should grow and develop. Being a progressive means being optimistic about every initiative and participating in problem-solving processes. There is no need to hide behind or keep silent but to act and become passionate about changes and transformations.

Despite the desire to support progressive thoughts, there are also some examples of anti-progressives. Roosevelt (1912) called them the people with narrow vision and little sympathy. Anti-progressives are never stirred by the mistakes or failures made by other people (Roosevelt, 1912). Individuals who are consumed by their selfishness are not able to appeal to conscience. Everything they can do is to support oppression and use reforms that work for the leaders’ success, not the public one. The activities varied from employees’ exploitation to the promotion of capitalism that bounded society and imposed limitations on creativity and progress.

Roosevelt wanted to make people believe in his ideas and goals. Thus, he described progressivism as the movement that aimed at underling the real rules and freedoms of society. It was high time to deliver justice and equality by explaining the worth of power and development. Following his rules, multiple achievements can be revealed, including the ability to select leaders through open and free voting. Addressing the areas of politics, social welfare, and decision-making relevance, progressives can succeed as the movement and Roosevelt as the leader. As soon as people analyze their options, they can make policies and laws to improve different aspects of their life.

Roosevelt, T. (1912). Who Is a Progressive? Web.

  • Chicago (A-D)
  • Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, January 6). Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Ideas. https://ivypanda.com/essays/theodore-roosevelts-progressive-ideas/

"Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Ideas." IvyPanda , 6 Jan. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/theodore-roosevelts-progressive-ideas/.

IvyPanda . (2023) 'Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Ideas'. 6 January.

IvyPanda . 2023. "Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Ideas." January 6, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/theodore-roosevelts-progressive-ideas/.

1. IvyPanda . "Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Ideas." January 6, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/theodore-roosevelts-progressive-ideas/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Ideas." January 6, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/theodore-roosevelts-progressive-ideas/.

  • Who Is a Progressive in the United States?
  • The Progressive Era Significance
  • Progressivism in the American Reform Period
  • Progressivism in American History
  • American Progressivism and Woodrow Wilson
  • The Progressive Era and World War I
  • The Progressive Era in the United States History
  • The Progressive Era History
  • Progressive Era in United States
  • Progressivism: Causes and Effects
  • Progressive Ideology by President Roosevelt
  • Historical Impact of John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Speech
  • Andrew Jackson in the History of the United States
  • George Washington's and John Adams's Policies
  • The Actions of Roosevelt During the New Deal

The chaotic history of how we elect presidential candidates

  • In the unlikely event Joe Biden drops out,  his party's nomination will be thrown into chaos.
  • Biden and his allies have also implemented changes that stack things in his favor.
  • Chaotic moments are also how the US got its current process. 

Insider Today

Some Democrats have grown antsy over President Joe Biden’s status . While even some members of Congress are voicing concerns about his age, there’s little that could be effectively done to stop the president.

And if he were to suddenly drop out à la LBJ in 1968, his party would face immediate chaos. It’s a near certainty that such a scenario would require an open convention, an event that hasn’t been seen in recent memory.

It is worth remembering that there are no constitutional provisions regarding presidential primaries and very few details about the election of the president itself. The current system is the result of self-interested leaders, shell-shocked parties, and the constant debate about who should really have the power to elect a presidential nominee. 

Here's a breakdown of how we went from smoke-filled rooms and chaotic conventions to our modern system.

What were early presidential elections like?

Neither the primary process, if it existed at all, nor the general election are anything like their current counterparts. Revolutionary War hero George Washington was the easy choice for the white male property owners who decided the nation’s early elections. Washington’s decision to not seek a third term upended the system. The nation’s framers hadn’t anticipated political parties, but John Adam and Thomas Jefferson’s fierce rivarly quickly divided the top officials. Members of Congress, due to their proximity to political power, began informally and then increasingly publicly nominating their preferred candidates. Not everyone was happy with the system , which multiple state legislatures rallied against in part due to constitutional concerns about the separation of power. The chaos of the election of 1824, the only presidential election to be thrown to the House, hastened the end of this approach.

The Anti-Masonic Party, perhaps the U.S.’s first dominant third party, paved the way for a new method when it held the first national convention in 1831. (incredibly, they still chose a Mason as their nominee.) Soon after, as Jill Lepore recounted in The Atlantic, then-President Andrew Jackson’s desire to have his Democratic Party follow suit helped enshrine a new tradition into American politics.

What were early conventions like?

They were also nothing like modern conventions. Jackson supported the already ongoing expansion of voting rights to most white men, Daniel Feller, Editor/Director Emeritus of The Papers of Andrew Jackson, wrote in a summary of the former general's rise to power. Even that push didn’t change the real power that was selecting the nation’s presidential nominees. Detractors may have killed the congressional caucus, but the convention delegate system was another avenue for political elites to determine their respective party’s nominees. This era did give us one of the best cliches, the smoke-filled room .

Conventions didn't start to resemble what currently occurs every four years until much later. For example, it wasn't until FDR accepted the Democratic Party's nomination in 1932 that nominees began to show up for formal acceptance speeches, a major part of the modern convention.

What are primaries and how did we get them in presidential elections?

Progressive reformers were tired of political bosses. They sought to weaken elite officials' power through primary elections at all levels.

In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt won most of the GOP primaries, but few states actually held such elections. Unable to usurp William Howard Taft, his successor, Roosevelt started a third party of his own, The Bull Moose Party . Slowly, the primaries began to take hold, not as definitive nomination contests but as data points for party elites to assess the relative strength of candidates.

Dwight D. Eisenhower notched a major upset in the 1952 New Hampshire GOP primary that upended Robert A. Taft's perceived frontrunner status. Eisenhower went on to win the Republican nomination on the first ballot. On the Democratic side, Then-Sen. John F. Kennedy’s win in the West Virginia primary helped to soothe fears that some top party officials held about how a Catholic presidential candidate would be received.

Some defend this system and want to return to it, because it mixed a limited number of primaries with the power of party figures. As Richard Pildes, a constitutional law professor at New York University School of Law, wrote in 2016 , this approach allowed party loyalists to maintain some control over the primary process. 

It was a year of sheer chaos that provided the final push to start modern presidential campaigning.

Why is 1972 the start of the modern era?

The 1968 Democratic National Convention was a disaster. President Lyndon B. Johnson shocked the country by announcing he would not seek reelection. Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy were gunned down just months apart. And an outcry over the Vietnam War loomed over everything. Democrats were already entering an uneasy situation for their national convention in Chicago. The party’s decision to nominate Vice President Hubert Humphrey, a pro-war candidate, who had run in any of the limited number of primaries, was vocally rejected by some delegates on the floor. News coverage of that drama was interrupted by a violent riot that unfolded outside. The legacy of Chicago held on for so long that questions were raised about whether Democrats should go back there for their convention this summer nearly 60 years later.

In the wake of the violence, Democrats launched a massive overhaul of their presidential primary process. Then-Sen. George McGovern helped co-lead the commission aimed at opening up the delegate selection process in more democratic ways, such as requiring more female delegates, establishing a quota for younger delegates, and pushing away from the old tradition of making delegate selection in secret. McGovern, who later said he was asked to help lead the panel due to his favorability among all wings of the party, later used the knowledge to help clinch the presidential nomination under the new rules.

According to some officials who worked on the commission, their changes had the unintended effect of popularizing state presidential primary elections. The Republican Party soon followed with its review. The upshot was party elites were now less powerful than they had been in decades. While Democrats have continued to study and tweak how they run presidential elections ever since. 

How did the top officials respond?

Like they had in the past, party officials quickly tried to claw back power. Critically for Democrats, this led to the creation of so-called super delegates in the early 1980s .

While the initial goal was to limit their number, by 2016 superdelegates made up 15% of the available delegates, a sizable chunk in what became a more closely contested primary than initially anticipated. Sen. Bernie Sanders’ supporters responded by calling for limits on superdelegates’ power.

In 2018, superdelegates were officially barred from voting on the first ballot if a candidate did not secure a majority of the delegates without the party officials’ support. In short, party officials’ hands are initially tied, even if they want to cast the deciding votes.

What has Joe Biden done?

Biden continued the tradition of tweaking the process. He went further than any recent proposal, angering Iowa and New Hampshire Democrats by pushing them further down in the party’s primary calendar. He also elevated South Carolina to first . Officially, the Democratic National Committee had to approve the plan, but it was largely rubber-stamped. If Biden were to drop out tomorrow, any hopeful would have to face this reality. Some states, such as Florida and North Carolina, have either canceled their primary election or made it a de facto Biden victory by only listing one candidate on the ballot.

theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

Watch: We did the math: Here’s why the GOP nomination fight could last until the very end

theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

  • Main content

Idaho Falls news, Rexburg news, Pocatello news, East Idaho news, Idaho news, education news, crime news, good news, business news, entertainment news, Feel Good Friday and more.

fronteir credit union

Moscow Metro: Inside the Transit System Where Soviet-Era Style Lives On

Eastidahonews.com staff.

East Idaho News

In fact, it’s more like a series of underground palaces and art galleries.

Almost every station has elaborate decorations, depicting historic Russian victories, famous literary figures and, of course, Soviet-era symbols.

The most impressive part of the 12-line metro were built under Stalin during the 1930s and 1950s, designed to celebrate Communist revolution and glorify the Soviet Union. The idea was to make public places — and many of its 196 stations — as lavish as palaces.

About 7 million people ride the Moscow Metro each day, making it one of the busiest in the world. The U.S.S.R. may be long gone, but the metro is a relic of that time — and an example of how Russians’ Soviet past continues to somehow live on in their everyday lives.

Copyright © 2015, ABC Radio. All rights reserved.

SUBMIT A CORRECTION

Norilsk: The city built by gulag prisoners where Russia guards its Arctic secrets

Environmental activists are frustrated by how authorities handled a diesel spill which poured into two Arctic rivers in late May.

theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

Moscow correspondent @DiMagnaySky

Friday 3 July 2020 23:41, UK

Please use Chrome browser for a more accessible video player

Arctic suffers worst ever industrial spill

The drive from Norilsk airport to the city takes you past mile after mile of crumbling, Soviet-era factories.

It looks like an endless, rusting scrapyard - a jumble of pipes, industrial junk and frost-bitten brickwork. If you were looking for an industrial apocalypse film setting, this would be your place - but you're unlikely to get the permissions.

Norilsk was built in Stalin's times by gulag prisoners. This gritty industrial city is a testament to their endurance both of the cruelty of Stalin's regime and of the harsh polar climate. There were no thoughts then on how to build to protect the environment, just to survive it.

Norilsk in Russia. Pic: Anastasya Leonova

Vasily Ryabinin doesn't think much has changed, at least in ecological terms. He used to work for the local branch of the federal environmental watchdog, Rosprirodnadzor, but quit in June after exposing what he says was a failure to investigate properly the environmental impact of the gigantic diesel spill which poured into two Arctic rivers in late May.

At 21,000 tonnes, it was the largest industrial spill in the polar Arctic .

Despite the Kremlin declaring a federal emergency and sending a host of different agencies to participate in the clean-up, just last week Mr Ryabinin and activists from Greenpeace Russia found another area where technical water used in industrial processes was being pumped directly into the tundra from a nearby tailing pond. Russia's investigative committee has promised to investigate.

"The ecological situation here is so bad," Mr Ryabinin says.

"The latest constructions such as the tailing pond at the Talnack ore-processing plant were built exclusively by Nornickel chief executive Vladimir Potanin's team and supposedly in accordance with ecological standards, but on satellite images you can see that all the lakes in the vicinity have unnatural colours and obviously something has got into them."

Nornickel Plant and container (on the left) which had the leak. Pic: Anastasya Leonova

Mining company Nornickel would disagree. It has admitted flagrant violations at the tailing pond and suspended staff it deems responsible at both the Talnack plant and at Norilsk Heat and Power plant no 3 where the diesel spill originated from.

On Thursday it appointed Andrey Bougrov, from its senior management board, to the newly-created role of senior vice president for environmental protection. It has a clear environmental strategy, provides regular updates on the status of the spill, and its Twitter feed is filled with climate-related alerts.

But what investors read is very different to the picture on the ground.

21,000 tonnes of diesel oil has spilled into two rivers in Norilsk

Norilsk used to be a closed city - one of dozens across the Soviet Union shut off to protect industrial secrets. Foreigners need special permissions approved by the Federal Security Service (FSB) to enter the region. It would take an invitation from Nornickel to make that happen and, for the past month since the spill, that has not been forthcoming.

Unlike in Soviet times, Russian citizens are now free to come and go. That's why our Sky News Moscow team were able to fly in and travel around the city, even if getting to the spill site was blocked. What they were able to film provides a snapshot of the immense challenge Russia faces in upgrading its Soviet-era industrial infrastructure, particularly at a time when climate change is melting the permafrost on which much of it was built.

The Russian city of Norilsk. Pic: Anastasya Leonova

Just downwind from one of the rusting factories on the city outskirts is a huge expanse of dead land. The skeletal remains of trees stand forlorn against the howling Arctic winds. Sulphur dioxide poisoning has snuffed the life out of all that lived here. Norilsk is the world's worst emitter of sulphur dioxide by a substantial margin.

"For 80km south of here everything is dead," Mr Ryabinin says, "and for at least 10km in that direction too. Everything here depends on the wind."

Sample took by Vasily Ryabinin near the Nornickel plant in Norilsk, Russia, on the day of an accident. Pic: Vasily Ryabinin

Immediately after the spill, Mr Ryabinin filmed and took samples from the Daldykan river just a few kilometres from the fuel tank which had leaked. By that point the river was a churning mix of diesel and red sludge dredged up from the riverbed by the force of the leak. Norilsk's rivers have turned red before and the chemical residues have sunk to the bottom, killing all life there. Nothing has lived in those rivers for decades.

In his capacity as deputy head of the local environmental watchdog, Mr Ryabinin says he insisted that he be allowed to fly further north to check the levels of contamination in Lake Pyasino and beyond.

Nornickel at the time claimed the lake was untouched by the spill. Mr Ryabinin says his boss encouraged him to let things be.

"I can't be sure I would have found anything, but this sort of confrontation - making sure I didn't go there with a camera, let alone with bottles for taking samples, it was all very clear to me. It was the final straw."

Rosprirodnadzor refused to comment to Sky News on Mr Ryabinin's allegations or suggestions that the agency was working hand in hand with Nornickel.

The Nornickel plant and the place where diesel meets red water (polluted by other chemicals). Pic: Vasily Ryabinin

Georgy Kavanosyan is an environmental blogger with a healthy 37,000 following on YouTube. Shortly after the spill, he set out for Lake Pyasino and to the Pyasina River beyond to see how far the diesel had spread.

"We set out at night so that the Norilsk Nickel security wouldn't detect us. I say at night, but they've got polar nights there now, north of the Arctic Circle. So it's still light but it's quieter and we managed to go past all the cordons."

He is one of the few to have provided evidence that the diesel has in fact travelled far beyond where the company admits. Not just the 1,200km (745m) length of Lake Pyasino but into the river beyond.

He says his measurements indicated a volume of hydrocarbons dissolved in the water of between two and three times normal levels. He thinks after he published his findings on YouTube, the authorities' vigilance increased.

Greenpeace Russia have spent the last two weeks trying to obtain samples from Lake Pyasino and the surrounding area. They have faced difficulties getting around and flying their samples out for independent analysis.

They are now waiting for results from a laboratory in St Petersburg but say the samples remain valid technically for just four days after collection and that they weren't able to make that deadline due to the authorities' actively obstructing their work.

Vasily Ryabinin and Elena Sakirko from Greenpeace. Pic: Anastasya Leonova

Elena Sakirko from Greenpeace Russia specialises in oil spills and says this has happened to her before. This time, a police helicopter flew to the hunter's hut where they were staying and confiscated the fuel for the boat they were using. Then a deputy for the Moscow city parliament tasked with bringing the samples back from Norilsk was forced to go back empty-handed.

"We were told at the airport we needed permission from the security department of Nornickel," Ms Sakirko says. "We asked them to show us some law or statement to prove that this was legal or what the basis for this was, but they haven't showed us anything and we still don't understand it."

Nornickel announced this week that the critical stage of the diesel spill is over. The company is now finalising dates for a press tour for foreign media and for other international environmentalists.

Mr Ryabinin thinks this should have happened weeks ago.

"If we don't let scientists come to the Arctic region to evaluate the impact of the accident, then in the future if anything similar happens, we won't know what to do."

A spokesperson for Nornickel said the company "is actively cooperating with the scientific community and will meticulously assess both the causes and effects of the accident."

The Russian city of Norilsk. Pic: Anastasya Leonova

Nornickel considers permafrost thawing to be the primary cause of the accident, but is waiting for the end of investigation before making a final statement, the spokesperson said.

They added that the company "accepts full responsibility for the incidents on its sites these past two months and holds itself accountable for any infrastructural deficits or poor decisions by personnel.

"The imperative is to do everything to clean up our sites, instil a stronger culture of transparency and safety in our workforce, and ensure that such situations do not occur in the future."

theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

RPV and steam generators delivered to Rooppur unit 2

!{Model.Description}

A VVER-1200 reactor vessel and four steam generators for unit 2 of the Rooppur NPP under construction in Bangladesh have been delivered to the site, ASE announced on 10 August. ASE, Rosatom's Engineering Division, is the general contractor for the plant. The heavy equipment of the unit 2 reactor compartment (reactor pressure vessel (RPV) - 333.6 tons; the steam generator - 340 tons) was manufactured at the Atommash plant in Volgodonsk, a branch of the AEM-technologies (part of Rosatom’s mechanical engineering division, Atomenergomash).

It took more than two months to transport the cargo. From the Atommash site, the equipment was transported to the special berth of the Tsimlyansk reservoir in Volgodonsk, loaded onto barges and delivered to Novorossiysk port by waterway. The sea route of the equipment from Novorossiysk on the cargo ship, Anna, to the Bangladesh seaport of Mongla - through the Black Sea and the Suez Canal - was about 14,000 kilometres.

Manufacture of the VVER-1200 reactor vessel took more than two years and all operations were carried out with the direct participation of representatives of the authorised organisation, the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) and the Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority (BAERA). In October last year, the RPV and steam generators for Rooppur 1 were delivered to Bangladesh. It is planned to install the RPV in September. Rooppur NPP is being built by Rosatom with two VVER-1200 reactors. Rooppur 1 is currently scheduled to start operating 2023, followed by Rooppur 2 a year later.

Meanwhile, a high-ranking delegation from Bangladesh on 11 August visited Rosatom’s Mashinostroitelny Zavod (MSZ - Machine-Building Plant), in Elektrostal, Moscow Region, part of Rosatom’s Fuel Company TVEL. The delegation included Minister of Science and Technology Yafesh Osman, BAEC Chairman Sanovar Hussein, and the head BAERA, Muzammel Haq. TVEL will supply nuclear fuel for both VVER-1200 power units a Rooppur NPP until the end of their service life.

  • Terms and conditions
  • Privacy Policy
  • Newsletter sign up
  • Digital Edition
  • Editorial Standards

theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

IMAGES

  1. AP US Progressive Era Essay

    theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

  2. ≫ The Progressive Era and Theodore Roosevelt Presidency Free Essay

    theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

  3. APUSH Progressive Era DBQ

    theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

  4. Roosevelt Essay

    theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

  5. The Progressive Era

    theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

  6. Write an essay analyzing its role in President Theodore Roosevelt's

    theodore roosevelt progressive era essay

VIDEO

  1. Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909

  2. Roosevelt

  3. Progressive President

  4. Theodore Roosevelt

  5. Theodore Roosevelt: The Strenous Life #history #entertainment #information #historyfacts #politics

  6. AI-Generated Motivational Speech by Theodore Roosevelt

COMMENTS

  1. The Square Deal: Theodore Roosevelt and the Themes of Progressive

    Progressivism arrived at a moment of crisis for the United States. As the nineteenth century came to a close, just decades after the Civil War, many feared the nation faced another explosive and violent conflict, this time between the forces of industrial capitalism and militant workers.

  2. Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era

    Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era In partnership with the HISTORY Channel The name Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt conjures up many images: from hunter to teddy bear, from trust-buster to champion of capitalism, from Republican president to Bull Moose challenger. TR remains controversial, contradictory, and above all, larger than life.

  3. United States

    Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive movement William McKinley: assassination Leon Czolgosz assassinating U.S. Pres. William McKinley, 1901. By 1901 the reform upheaval was too strong to be contained within state boundaries. Moreover, certain problems with which only the federal government was apparently competent to deal cried out for solution.

  4. Theodore Roosevelt: Impact and Legacy

    By Sidney Milkis Theodore Roosevelt is widely regarded as the first modern President of the United States. The stature and influence that the office has today began to develop with TR. Throughout the second half of the 1800s, Congress had been the most powerful branch of government.

  5. The Progressive Era (Progressive movement) (article)

    Overview The period of US history from the 1890s to the 1920s is usually referred to as the Progressive Era, an era of intense social and political reform aimed at making progress toward a better society.

  6. The Progressive Era to the New Era, 1900-1929

    « The New Deal The Progressive Era to the New Era, 1900-1929 We should not accept social life as it has "trickled down to us," the young journalist Walter Lippmann wrote soon after the twentieth century began. "We have to deal with it deliberately, devise its social organization, . . . educate and control it."

  7. Theodore Roosevelt & the Progressive Era

    The Progressive Era began in 1900 and lasted until 1917. Progressive reformers worked at both local and national levels to address a wide range of reform issues. With the assassination of ...

  8. Theodore Roosevelt's Progressivism: 1906-1909

    Explore Roosevelt's progressivism and how it affected the United States. Theodore Roosevelt was a leader of the Progressive Era, passing legislation like the Hepburn Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act and expanding the size of the National Parks system. These legislative successes improved life for Americans, and the process by which Roosevelt campaigned stretched the powers of the ...

  9. Theodore Roosevelt Role in Progressive Era: Essay

    Theodore Roosevelt Role in Progressive Era: Essay Cite This Essay Download The United States once found itself entering a world of rapid economic and industrial growth. Technological advances came forth at a rapid rate in both the transportation and manufacturing industries.

  10. The New Deal

    The Progressive Era to the New Era, 1900-1929 » ... A distant relative of Theodore Roosevelt, he married the President's niece Eleanor Roosevelt in 1905, attracted by her active intellect and progressive conscience. Trained in the law, he soon made his way into New York Democratic politics, winning election to the state senate in 1910, where ...

  11. About this Collection

    The papers of Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), public official, author, decorated veteran of the Spanish-American War, governor of New York, and president of the United States (1901-1909), consist of approximately 276,000 documents (roughly 461,000 images), most of which were digitized from 485 reels of previously reproduced microfilm. Held in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, these ...

  12. Theodore Roosevelt Collection

    The Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress compliments the Harvard collection. It holds the Roosevelt presidential collection as well as some family papers and early Roosevelt materials. ... The Widener portion of the collection contains books and articles by and on Theodore Roosevelt, and on the Progressive Era. All manuscripts ...

  13. 5 Paragraph Essay on Theodore Roosevelt and How He Changed the

    Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-sixth president of the United States of America. A fine educated and athletic man. Known to be the second youngest president of the United States of America behind John F. Kennedy. Was recognized for being a man on a mission even though he might not have known he was on a mission he very much was.

  14. The Square Deal: Theodore Roosevelt and the Themes of Progressive

    Period 7: 1890-1945 « The Progressive Era to the New Era, 1900-1929 The Square Deal: Theodore Roosevelt and the Themes of Progressive Reform Progressivism arrived at a moment of crisis for the United States.

  15. The Progressive Era in the United States History Essay

    Theodore Roosevelt, who became president in 1901, went on to become one of the most influential personalities of the Progressive Era. He did not conform to the pro-business stance his own Republican Party had adopted for so long, instead, implemented measures to curtail the monopolistic practices of business.

  16. Essays

    Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era In partnership with the HISTORY Channel Essays Many essays pertaining to Theodore Roosevelt and his times have been published on the Gilder Lehrman Institute website and in History Now, the online journal of the Gilder Lehrman Institute.

  17. Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Ideas

    Exclusively available on IvyPanda. Theodore Roosevelt was one of the youngest American presidents known for his progressive ideas and the desire to change society, addressing the existing distrust and helplessness. The decision to promote progressive ideas was not spontaneous, and he saw the movement as the possibility to protect the real rule ...

  18. Theodore Roosevelt 's The Progressive Era Essay

    Essay In the first two decades of the twentieth century the national political scene reflected a growing American belief in the ideas of the Progressive movement. This movement was concerned with fundamental social and economic reforms and gained in popularity under two presidents.

  19. Essay On Theodore Roosevelt Progressive

    Starting in 1890 the progressive era was a time in U.S. history that focused on utilizing the government to assist society with their struggles such as poverty, racism, work conditions, and much more. Roosevelt was the first of three progressive presidents but was definitely not the most progressive of them.

  20. The Chaotic History of How We Elect Presidential Candidates

    In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt won most of the GOP primaries, but few states actually held such elections. Unable to usurp William Howard Taft, his successor, Roosevelt started a ...

  21. Moscow Metro: Inside the Transit System Where Soviet-Era Style Lives On

    (MOSCOW) — This past weekend marked the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Moscow subway. And it's not your average metro system. In fact, it's more like a series of underground palaces ...

  22. Norilsk: The city built by gulag prisoners where Russia guards its

    Norilsk was built in Stalin's times by gulag prisoners. This gritty industrial city is a testament to their endurance both of the cruelty of Stalin's regime and of the harsh polar climate.

  23. First refuelling for Russia's Akademik Lomonosov floating NPP

    Rosatom's fuel company TVEL has supplied nuclear fuel for reactor 1 of the world's only floating NPP (FNPP), the Akademik Lomonosov, moored at the city of Pevek, in Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The supply of fuel was transported along the Northern Sea Route. The first ever refuelling of the FNPP is planned to begin before the end of ...

  24. RPV and steam generators delivered to Rooppur unit 2

    Home News Features Opinion Video Events Jobs Buyers' Guide White Papers Press Releases Company A - Z Digital Edition Subscribe Online. RPV and steam generators delivered to Rooppur unit 2 ... Nuclear Engineering International is a product of Progressive Media International. Registered office: 40-42 Hatton Garden, London, England, EC1N 8EB. 2024 ...