example of graph analysis essay

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Over 60 New York Times Graphs for Students to Analyze

A collection of graphs, maps and charts organized by topic and graph type from three years of “What’s Going On in This Graph?”

Graphs, Charts and Maps From Three Years of “What’s Going On in This Graph?”

View Slide Show ›

By The Learning Network

Note: Register for our free November 5 webinar about teaching with graphs , or watch a previously recorded on-demand webinar here .

For the last three years, we have collaborated with the American Statistical Association (A.S.A.) to produce “ What’s Going On in This Graph? ” This weekly feature invites students to analyze and interpret graphs previously published in The New York Times, first by noticing and wondering, and then by creating a catchy headline and considering what impact this data might have on them and their communities.

Scroll through the dozens of graphs in the slide show above or explore each graph further in the collection below. This curated list is organized by topic and graph type — ranging from science to sports, and from bar graphs to bubble charts.

If you’re new to the feature, here is how it works:

Each week during the school year we take a graph that has been published elsewhere in The New York Times and ask students to share what they notice and wonder about it. This feature is completely free, and it runs from September to May.

We post these graphs on Thursdays, and include them in our free weekly newsletter , so teachers can plan for the coming week.

Then, on Wednesdays from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Eastern time, we host a live-moderated discussion where students from around the world post their observations and analysis while moderators from A.S.A. facilitate the student conversation.

Your class can join the discussion any day of the week, not just Wednesdays, and students can even comment on graphs in our archive.

On Thursday afternoons, a week after we publish each graph, we add a “reveal” to the post which includes additional background about these graphs, shout-outs for great student headlines, and relevant statistical concepts.

Graphs Organized by Topic

Environment, Science and Technology

Houston May Get 50 Inches of Rain. How Long Does it Take Your City to Get That Much?

It’s Not Your Imagination. Summers Are Getting Hotter .

The Places in the U.S. Where Disaster Strikes Again and Again

Where Are America’s Winters Warming the Most?

How Does Your State Make Electricity?

Hang On, Northeast. In Some Parts, Spring Has Already Sprung.

Read a Hurricane Map the Right Way

2018 Continues Warming Trend, As 4th Hottest Since 1880

What’s the Right Number of Taxis?

The Most Detailed Map of Auto Emissions In America

Your Questions About Food and Climate Change, Answered

Privacy Policies Are a Mess

2019 Was the Second-Hottest Year Ever, Closing Out the Warmest Decade

Teach About Climate Change With These 24 New York Times Graphs

Six Myths About Choosing a Major

Old Skills, New Careers: Workers in Fading Jobs Often Already Have What It Takes to Succeed in Growing Ones

Where Education Drives Mobility

How Bad Will the Crisis Get?

Why We Need to Keep the Curve Flat

You Can Break the Chain of Transmission

What If We Open America Too Early?

Seven Ways to Explore the Math of the Coronavirus

How the Virus Transformed How Americans Spend Their Money

How Long Will a Vaccine Really Take?

Is It Safer to Visit a Coffee Shop or a Gym?

The Arts, Sports and Culture

The Words Men and Women Use When They Write About Love

What Music Do Americans Love the Most? 50 Detailed Fan Maps

Pumpkin Pie in Miami: Thanksgiving Flight Patterns

What if a $250 Shoe Actually Made You Race Faster ?

How a New Kind of Pop Star Stormed 2018

Do Summer Songs Sound the Same?

Manny Machado Signed a $300 Million Deal; Bryce Harper’s Could Be for More. Will They Be Worth It?

How Popular Is Baseball, Really?

Inside Footballs’ Campaign to Save the Game

Three Months’ Salary for an Engagement Ring? For Most People, It’s More Like Two Weeks

Health and Wellness

Is Sushi Healthy? What About Granola? Where Americans and Nutritionists Disagree

Obesity Was Rising as Ghana Embraced Fast Food. Then Came KFC

The Age That Women Have Babies: How a Gap Divides America.

A Picture of Social Connectedness in America

How Bad Was Her Commute? This $8,650 Scarf Tells the Tale

F.D.A. to Limit How Stores Sell Vaping Flavors

Bigger, Saltier, Heavier: Fast Food Since 1986 in 3 Simple Charts

Why Euthanasia Rates at Animal Shelters Have Plummeted

The Major Issue of Mental Health

United States Economy, Politics, History and Civics

Unemployment Is So 2009: Labor Shortage Gives Workers an Edge

How the Growth of E-Commerce Is Shifting Retail Jobs

What Explains U.S. Mass Shootings? International Comparisons Suggest an Answer

Apple Is Worth $1,000,000,000,000. Two Decades Ago, It Was Almost Bankrupt.

With Kennedy’s Retirement, the Supreme Court Loses Its Center

A Fast-Food Problem: Where Have All the Teenagers Gone?

The Myth of the Lazy November

Political Bubbles and Hidden Diversity: Highlights From a Very Detailed Map of the 2016 Election

A Typical “Dreamer” Lives in Los Angeles, Is From Mexico and Came to the U.S. at 6.

The Monopolization of America

Is America’s Military Big Enough?

How Much Political Experience Does It Take to Be Elected President?

Undocumented Population and Crime Rate

Data Shows Decline in Number of White Neighborhoods

Why Afghanistan Became an Invisible War: Yearly Front-Page Headlines About War

Mystery of the Missing Bus Riders

How the Virus Transformed How Americans Spent Their Money

Anti-Immigration Shift in U.S. Promoted Rise of a Young Firebrand

Global Economies, History, Politics and Culture

Migrants Are on the Rise Around the World, and Myths About Them Are Shaping Attitudes.

Obesity Was Rising as Ghana Embraced Fast Food. Then Came KFC.

Graphs Organized by Type

Distribution (values and their frequency)

Six Myths About Choosing a Major (boxplot)

It’s Not Your Imagination. Summers Are Getting Hotter . (histogram)

The Age That Women Have Babies: How a Gap Divides America (histogram)

Data Shows Decline in Number of White Neighborhoods (histogram)

Three Months’ Salary for an Engagement Ring? For Most People, It’s More Like Two Weeks (histogram)

Association (relationship between two or more variables)

Is Sushi Healthy? What About Granola? Where Americans and Nutritionists Disagree (scatter plot)

The Words Men and Women Use When They Write About Love (bubble chart)

What Explains U.S. Mass Shootings? International Comparisons Suggest an Answer (scatter plot)

Obesity Was Rising as Ghana Embraced Fast Food. Then Came KFC. (scatter plot)

Old Skills, New Careers: Workers in Fading Jobs Often Already Have What It Takes to Succeed in Growing Ones (scatter plot)

Manny Machado Signed a $300 Million Deal; Bryce Harper’s Could Be for More. Will They Be Worth It? (scatter plot)

Serena Williams Reaches For Margaret Court (line chart)

What’s the Right Number of Taxis? (scatterplot)

Undocumented Population and Crime Rate ” (scatter plot)

Privacy Policies Are a Mess ” (scatter plot)

How Bad Will the Crisis Get? (scatter plot)

How the Virus Transformed How Americans Spend Their Money (bubble chart)

Is It Safer to Visit a Coffee Shop or a Gym? (bubble chart)

Unemployment Is So 2009: Labor Shortage Gives Workers an Edge (line time series)

How the Growth of E-Commerce Is Shifting Retail Jobs (step time series)

The Places in the U. S. Where Disaster Strikes Again and Again (dot and column time series)

With Kennedy’s Retirement, the Supreme Court Loses Its Center (line time series)

A Fast-Food Problem: Where Have All the Teenagers Gone? (line time series)

Student Loan Rates Are Rising. Here’s What You Need to Know. (area chart)

Where Are America’s Winters Warming the Most? (diverging bar graph time series)

The Monopolization of America (slope time series)

F.D.A. to Limit How Stores Sell Vaping Flavors (line time series)

2018 Continues Warming Trend, As 4th Hottest Since 1880 (time series with baseline)

Why Euthanasia Rates at Animal Shelters Have Plummeted (stacked area time series)

How Popular Is Baseball, Really? (time series)

How Much Political Experience Does It Take to Be Elected President? (timeline)

The Most Detailed Map of Auto Emissions In America (Line time series & stacked area time series)

An Ecological Crisis as 2.9 Billion Birds Vanish (time series)

Why We Need to Keep the Curve Flat (time series)

Mystery of the Missing Bus Riders (time series)

What If We Open America Too Early? (time series)

2019 Was the Second-Hottest Year Ever, Closing Out the Warmest Decade (time series)

Anti-Immigration Shift in U.S. Promoted Rise of a Young Firebrand (time series)

How Long Will a Vaccine Really Take? (critical path diagram)

Comparing Categories

Apple Is Worth $1,000,000,000,000. Two Decades Ago, It Was Almost Bankrupt. (area graph)

The Myth of the Lazy November (pictogram)

What if a $250 Shoe Actually Made You Race Faster ? (dot plot)

A Typical “Dreamer” Lives in Los Angeles, Is From Mexico and Came to the U.S. at 6. (bar graph)

How Bad Was Her Commute? This $8,650 Scarf Tells the Tale (stacked time series graph)

How Does Your State Make Electricity? (ranking area graph)

Do Summer Songs Sound the Same? (radar graph)

Where Education Drives Mobility (data chart)

Bigger, Saltier, Heavier: Fast Food Since 1986 in 3 Simple Charts (back-to-back bar graphs)

Your Questions About Food and Climate Change, Answered (bar graphs)

An Ecological Crisis as 2.9 Billion Birds Vanish (bar graph)

Inside Football’s Campaign to Save the Game (infographic)

Water Crisis May Grip One-Quarter of Humanity (dot plot)

Three Months’ Salary for an Engagement Ring? For Most People, It’s More Like Two Weeks (bar chart)

Out with the Old, In with the Young (bar chart)

Why Afghanistan Became an Invisible War: Yearly Front-Page Headlines About War (bar graph)

How the Virus Transformed How Americans Spent Their Money (bubble chart)

Parts to Whole

How a New Kind of Pop Star Stormed 2018 (segmented bar graph)

Where Education Drives Mobility (segmented bar graph)

The Major Issue of Mental Health (segmented bar graph)

How Long Will a Vaccine Really Take? (probability tree diagram)

Houston May Get 50 Inches of Rain. How Long Does it Take Your City to Get That Much? (heat map)

What Music Do Americans Love the Most? 50 Detailed Fan Maps (heat map)

Migrants Are on the Rise Around the World, and Myths About Them Are Shaping Attitudes. (directed graph)

Political Bubbles and Hidden Diversity: Highlights From a Very Detailed Map of the 2016 Election (heat map)

Pumpkin Pie in Miami: Thanksgiving Flight Patterns ( directed graph)

A Picture of Social Connectedness in America (heat map)

Is America’s Military Big Enough? (bubble map)

Hang On, Northeast. In Some Parts, Spring Has Already Sprung. (time series heat map)

Read a Hurricane Map the Right Way (map)

A ‘Full’ Nation in Dire Need of New Faces (heatmap)

An Ecological Crisis as 2.9 Billion Birds Vanish (heatmap)

Water Crisis May Grip One-Quarter of Humanity (heatmap)

You Can Break the Chain of Transmission (tree diagram)

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Describing charts

Learn how to write about charts.

Instructions

Do the preparation task first. Then read the text and tips and do the exercises.

Preparation

Grouping_MjMxNjE=

The first chart illustrates the percentage of the population who owned a smartphone from 2011 to 2016, and the second breaks the percentages down by age for 2011 and 2016.

Overall, smartphone ownership increased during the six-year period. In general, the younger people were, the more likely they were to own a smartphone. However, the most significant increases in smartphone ownership between 2011 and 2016 came from people aged 45 to 54, from 46% to 84%; from those in the 55 to 64 category, from 9% to 59%; and from those aged 65 to 74, from 5% to 50%.

The percentage of people who owned a smartphone rose steadily, starting at around 35% in 2011 and reaching about 77% by 2016. People aged 16 to 24 represented the greatest percentage of smartphone ownership in both 2011 and 2016. 75% of people aged 25 to 34 and 72% of those aged 35 to 44 owned a smartphone in 2011, rising to 88% and 86% respectively by 2016.

Although almost nobody in the 75+ age category owned a smartphone in 2011, 15% of this group owned smartphones in 2016. 

Please note: This page was designed for writing practice only. Information and statistics in the charts may not be accurate. 

• If you are doing an exam task, read the instructions and make sure you write according to the word and time limits.
• Start by saying what the charts show. In an exam, change the words in the question to write the first sentence of your answer, e.g. These charts show  = These charts illustrate .
• The second paragraph should provide an overview of the key features of the information.
• The other paragraphs should describe the patterns or trends in more detail. However, only select the most important ones to write about, and don't write about your own ideas.
• Use linking words and a range of vocabulary to describe what you see in the charts. (You can write % or per cent, but be consistent.) 
• Be careful to use the correct tenses to describe the time periods shown.

Do you ever have to write about charts at work or for your studies?

Language level

Yes, I have in my shcool I had a subject called stadistich or something like that, we analyzed different events that has happened in the life in general.

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This is an absolutely example of a misleading chart since the total number of perentage each age range over 100%. Being said that, the inaccurate of the data due to writing pratice purpose is allowed as per the note, chart should be chosen logically.

Hello Thu_tran2911,

I assume you're referring to the two bar charts rather than the line chart. I don't agree that these are misleading. The bars do not show a percentage of the total population but rather what percentage of each age group owns smartphones. In other words, in 2011 over 80% of people aged 16-24 owned smartphones and just under 80% of people aged 25-34. There is no reason to add these together; they describe different groups, not percentages of the whole population.

In a similar way, I could say that 60% of women have brown eyes in a certain country while 70% of men have brown eyes. That does not mean that we are describing 130% as each statistic describes the percentage within a group and not within the country as a whole.

The LearnEnglish Team

actually, I have never written about charts at work or for my studies but I will do it in the future.

Yes, I'm a economics students so I frequently used charts and tables to illustrate trends. I have many charts present in front of my teacher.

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Useful Vocabulary for Writing an IELTS Graph Essay

When it comes to IELTS writing task 1, 25% of your marks are for the range of words you use. That means IELTS graph vocabulary is a very important component to review as you prepare for the Writing Task 1. You can start by checking out this IELTS writing task 1 vocabulary guide . And below, I’ll provide an overview of words and useful phrases to incorporate into your writing so that you can get top marks on the lexical resource category and a high band score overall. Basically, the better your IELTS writing chart vocabulary, the higher score you’ll get. It’s not hard, but there is a clear formula to doing well.

How to Use IELTS Graph Vocabulary in Writing Task 1

Because IELTS writing task 1 involves describing a graph or chart of some type, it will help to have a handle on IELTS writing chart vocabulary — words and phrases that help you write about the information on the chart or graph.

How are graphs described in IELTS? Let’s walk through the best vocabulary for the task, step by step.

1. Start With Introduction Phrases

Often ESL students start their essay with ‘The graph shows…’. While this is fine, the verb ‘shows’ could be replaced by a more exciting and high-level vocabulary word. Here are four different prompts to start your essay:

• The graph illustrates the trends in…
• The graph reveals information about the changes in…
• The graph provides the differences between…
• The graph presents how X has changed over a period of…
• DO NOT write the word below or above in your introduction. i.e. The graph above/below shows…

2. Add Suitable Adverbs

Adverbs help express a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, and degree, and can greatly add some color and interest to your writing as well as show off your range of vocabulary. Unlike adjectives (which describe nouns), adverbs describe verbs, or actions. Here’s a great list of adverbs to use:

3. Use Appropriate Synonyms

Again using a variety of nouns and verbs for words like rise and fall will help increase your overall score. Here are some suggestions:

4. Add Time Phrases

Below are some excellent time phrases with sentence examples:

Using IELTS Graph Vocabulary in a Model Essay

Look at the sample IELTS writing Task 1 graphs on the British Council website . Below is my model answer with useful words in bold:

The bar charts illustrate the trends in computer ownership, with a further classification by level of education, from 2002 to 2010.

Over the period, it can be observed that there was a significant surge in the percentage of the population that owned a computer. In the year 2002, only about 58% of the population owned a computer, whereas by 2010 , this gradually increased to where over three-quarters of individuals had a home computer.

Looking at the information by level of education reveals that higher levels of education correspond to higher levels of computer ownership in both of those years. In 2002, a significantly low percentage of the population who did not finish high school had a computer, but this figure skyrocketed by 2010, going from 15% to over 40%. There were also dramatic climbs , of approximately 30 percentage points, for those with a high school diploma or an unfinished college education (reaching 65% and 85%, respectively, in 2010).

To conclude, during the last decade, there has been a substantial growth in computer ownership across all educational levels.

Other IELTS Graph Vocabulary Resources

Keep in mind that IELTS writing task 1 may contain one of several different types of infographic: a bar chart, pie chart, line graph, diagram, etc. Regardless of the type, you’ll want to have a good handle on IELTS writing chart vocabulary.

For more specific guides to the different kinds of graphs, charts, and graphics you may find on IELTS writing task 1, check out the following resources:

• How to Describe a Bar Chart
• How to Describe a Pie Chart
• How to Describe a Map
• How to Describe a Process Diagram

You can also check out Magoosh’s IELTS linking words PDF for transitions between ideas. Hopefully you’ll start to incorporate some of these key words and phrases, as well as the above suggestions, in your IELTS Task 1 Writing. If you still don’t feel comfortable doing so, consider dedicating more time to your IELTS studies with Magoosh’s fun, engaging IELTS prep for extra practice.

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Eliot Friesen-Meyers is the Senior Curriculum Manager for Magoosh IELTS and TOEFL. He attended Goshen College (B.A.), New York University (M.A.), and Harvard University (M.T.S.), gaining experience and skills in curriculum development, ESOL instruction, online teaching and learning, and IELTS and TOEFL test prep education. Eliot's teaching career started with Literacy Americorps in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and later, taught ESL programs at Northeastern University, University of California-Irvine, and Harold Washington College. Eliot was also a speaker at the 2019 TESOL International Conference . With over 10 years of experience, he understands the challenges students face and loves helping them overcome those challenges. Come join Eliot on Youtube , Facebook , and Instagram . Recent blog posts Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 1 Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 2

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IELTS Bar Chart Sample Essay

Static or Dynamic?

Before writing an IELTS task 1 bar chart or line graph answer it is important that we analyse the question correctly. Taking a few minutes to do this will help us write a clear answer that fully responds to the question. Just what the examiner wants us to do.

The first thing we need to do is decide if the bar chart is static or dynamic. Static means that the data comes from one point in time. Dynamic means the data comes from more than one point in time.

Whether a chart is static or dynamic will affect the information we choose to include in our answer and the kind of language (tense, grammar etc.) we use.

If it is dynamic we will have to compare the different times and comment on the general trends over the time period.

If it is static we will have to compare the different variables, in this case countries, car price, GDP and time it takes for one person to buy a car.

Main Features

Every IELTS academic task 1 question asks us to ‘select and report the main features’.

This means that we have to not only pick the most significant information from the graph and include it in our essay, but also decide which information is not important and should therefore not be included in our essay. One of the biggest mistakes you can make in task 1 is including all the information you see.

So which information should you choose?

You should look for:

• highest/lowest values
• biggest differences
• similarities
• significant exceptions
• anything else that really stands out

There are 3 main features in this graph

1) It takes over 26 years for a Vietnamese person to buy a car.

2) Vietnam has the second highest average costs but the second lowest wages.

3) Cost of a car in Singapore is nearly 3 times the next most expensive.

I advise my students to follow a basic four paragraph structure for these kinds of questions.

Paragraph 1 

Paraphrase the question using synonyms.

Paragraph 2 

Provide an overview of the main features. No need to include any data in this paragraph, just tell the examiner what is happening in general terms. If you had to describe the main features in two sentences, what would you say?

Paragraph 3

This is where we get more specific and use data. Take 2 of the main features (from your overview) and describe them in detail using data from the chart.

Paragraph 4 

Simply do the same thing as you did in paragraph 3, but with two other main features (from your overview).

Sample Answer 

The graph compares the GDP per capita, cost of a Toyota Camry and approximate length of time it takes for 1 citizen to purchase that mode of transport in eight Asian countries.

Despite having the second lowest average yearly income, it costs more to buy this car in Vietnam than in all but one other Asian nation. It also takes significantly longer for a standard person to buy an automobile in Vietnam than in any other state in Asia. On the other end of the scale, Singaporeans have to pay nearly three times more for their cars than the Vietnamese and it takes them the least amount of time to afford a motor vehicle.

It costs $49,944 to buy a Toyota Camry in Vietnam, but this dwarfs the average yearly income per person at just $1,910. It would therefore take a normal man or woman 26.1 years to save up for that particular car.

This is in contrast to Singapore where it costs $126,245 for that model of motorcar, however the average salary is much greater at $55,182. This means that it generally takes just over 2 years for a typical individual from Singapore to acquire this vehicle.

(200 words) Band 9.

It should be noted that this is not a real IELTS task 1 question. This is just a chart that I saw on the internet, but it allowed me to make a very important point- you don’t have to mention everything on the graph. I only talked about 2 out of the 8 countries and I still wrote 200 words and answer the question fully. The key is finding the most significant data and not talking about anything else. Don’t worry, you won’t lose marks for not talking about everything, quite the opposite.

This graph is also good for demonstrating how important it is to vary your vocabulary. There were four words that could have been overused in this essay- car, average, country and people. Instead of repeating them over and over again I used synonyms to show the examiner I have a wide vocabulary and gain extra marks. Here are the synonyms:

Car- Toyota Camry- automobile- vehicle- motor vehicle- motorcar

Average- approximate- normal- typical- standard

Country- countries- nation- state

People- citizen- man or woman- individual

Next time you see a chart or graph in a newspaper, in a textbook or on the internet, think about what the main features are and what common words would you have to vary with synonyms.

I hope you have found these tips useful. If you have any questions, let me know below.

For more band 9 sample essays check out our task 1 sample essay page.

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My name is Christopher Pell and I'm the Managing Director of IELTS Advantage.

I started IELTS Advantage as a simple blog to help 16 students in my class. Several years later, I am very humbled that my VIP Course has been able to help thousands of people around the world to score a Band 7+ in their IELTS tests.

If you need my help with your IELTS preparation, you can send me an email using the contact us page.

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Why is graph analysis important, step 1: perform a data analysis, step 2: use a graph analysis template, step 3: read the graph’s title, step 4: find the key, step 5: understand the graph’s labels, step 6: make conclusions from the data.

• Title – gives the summary and introductory statement of what your graph is.
• Source – explains where the data in the graph are found.
• X-axis – is a horizontal line that represents one variable.
• Y-axis – is a vertical line that represents another variable.
• Data – refers to the entire data or information found in the graph.
• Legend – tells you what each symbol, label, or element in a graph represents.

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CHARTS AND GRAPHS ESSAY EXAMPLES

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic Charts And Graphs Essay Examples

View High Band Score Examples Of IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic Charts And Graphs Essays

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IELTS Writing Task 1 – Table Essay Example 3

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic table essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is: The table below gives information about the problems faced by children in two primary schools in 2005 and 2015. Take a look at the sample answer

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Table Essay Example 2

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic table essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is : The table illustrates the proportion of monthly household income five European countries spend on food and drink, housing, clothing, and entertainment. Take a look at the sample answer.

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Table Essay Example 1

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic table essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is: The following table gives statistics showing the aspects of quality of life in five countries. Take a look at the sample answer.

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Pie Chart Example Essay 1

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic pie chart essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is: The chart below shows how much money is spent in the budget on different sectors by the UAE government in 2000. Take a look at the sample answer.

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Line Graph Essay Example 2

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic line graph essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is: The line graph illustrates the amount of spreads consumed from 1981 to 2007, in grams. Take a look at the sample answer.

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Line Graph Essay 1

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic line graph essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is: The line graph below shows changes in the amount and type of fast food consumed by Australian teenagers from 1975 to 2000. Take a look at the sample answer.

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Bar Chart Example Essay 3

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic bar chart essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is: The chart shows the percentage of drugs taken by girls and boys in a school in New Zealand. Take a look at the sample answer.

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Bar Chart Example Essay – 2

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic bar chart essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is: The chart below shows the number of men and women in further education in Britain in three periods and whether they were studying full time or part-time. Take a look at the sample answer.

IELTS Writing Task 1 – Bar Chart Essay Example 1

IELTS Writing Task 1 Academic bar chart essay example that is a band score 8.  The question is: The chart below gives information about Someland’s main exports in 2005, 2015, and future projections for 2025. Take a look at the sample answer.

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How to Write an Analysis Essay: Examples + Writing Guide

An analysis / analytical essay is a standard assignment in college or university. You might be asked to conduct an in-depth analysis of a research paper, a report, a movie, a company, a book, or an event. In this article, you’ll find out how to write an analysis paper introduction, thesis, main body, and conclusion, and analytical essay example.

Our specialists will write a custom essay on any topic for 13.00 10.40/page

So, what is an analytical essay? This type of assignment implies that you set up an argument and analyze it using a range of claims. The claims should be supported by appropriate empirical evidence. Note that you need to explore both the positive and negative sides of the issue fully.

Analytical skills are the key to getting through your academic career. Moreover, they can be useful in many real-life situations. Keep reading this article by Custom-writing experts to learn how to write an analysis!

❓ What Is an Analytical Essay?

• 🤔 Getting Started

📑 Analytical Essay Outline

• 📔 Choosing a Title
• 💁 Writing an Introduction
• 🏋 Writing a Body
• 🏁 Writing a Conclusion

🔗 References

Before you learn how to start an analysis essay, you should understand some fundamentals of writing this type of paper. It implies that you analyze an argument using a range of claims supported by facts . It is essential to understand that in your analysis essay, you’ll need to explore the negative sides of the issue and the positive ones. That’s what distinguishes an analytical essay from, say, a persuasive one.

These are the steps to write an academic paper :

• Review the literature . Before starting any paper, you should familiarize yourself with what has already been written in the field. And the analytical essay is no exception. The easiest way is to search on the web for the information.
• Brainstorm ideas. After you’ve done your search, it is time for a brainstorm! Make a list of topics for your analysis essay, and then choose the best one. Generate your thesis statement in the same way.
• Prepare an outline . Now, when you’ve decided on the topic and the thesis statement of your analytical essay, think of its structure. Below you will find more detailed information on how your paper should be structured.
• Write the first draft. You’ve done a lot of work by now. Congratulations! Your next goal is to write the first version of your analysis essay, using all the notes that you have. Remember, you don’t need to make it perfect!
• Polish your draft. Now take your time to polish and edit your draft to transform it into the paper’s final version.

You are usually assigned to analyze an article, a book, a movie, or an event. If you need to write your analytical essay on a book or an article, you’ll have to analyze the style of the text, its main points, and the author’s purported goals.

🤔 Analytical Essay: Getting Started

The key to writing an analysis paper is to choose an argument that you will defend throughout it. For example: maybe you are writing a critical analysis paper on George Orwell’s Animal Farm The first and imperative task is to think about your thesis statement. In the case of Animal Farm , the argument could be:

In Orwell’s Animal Farm , rhetoric and language prove to be more effective ways to keep social control than physical power.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill gives a great explanation of the thesis statement , how to create one, and what its function is.

But that’s not all. Once you have your thesis statement, you need to break down how you will approach your analysis essay to prove your thesis. To do this, follow these steps:

• Define the main goal(s) of your analysis . Remember that it is impossible to address each and every aspect in a single paper. Know your goal and focus on it.
• Conduct research , both online and offline, to clarify the issue contained within your thesis statement.
• Identify the main parts of the issue by looking at each part separately to see how it works.
• Try to clearly understand how each part works.
• Identify the links between the various aspects of the topic .
• By using the information you found, try to solve your main problem .

At this point, you should have a clear understanding of both the topic and your thesis statement. You should also have a clear direction for your analysis paper firmly planted in your mind and recorded in writing.

This will give you what you need to produce the paper’s outline.

Receive a plagiarism-free paper tailored to your instructions.

An outline is the starting point for your work. A typical analytical essay features the usual essay structure. A 500-word essay should consist of a one-paragraph introduction, a three-paragraph body, and a one-paragraph conclusion. Find below a great analytical essay outline sample. Feel free to use it as an example when doing your own work!

Analysis Essay: Introduction

• Start with a startling statement or provocative question.

“All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal”. Animal Farm abounds in ironic and provocative phrases to start an analytical essay.

• Introduce the work and its author.
• Give background information that would help the reader understand your opinion.
• Formulate a thesis statement informing the reader about the purpose of the essay. Essay format does not presuppose telling everything possible on the given topic. Thus, a thesis statement tells what you are going to say, implying what you will not discuss, establishing the limits.

In Animal Farm, Orwell uses different irony types to ridicule totalitarianism to manifest its inability to make every member of society equal and happy.

Analysis Essay: Body

The analytical essay structure requires 2-3 developmental paragraphs, each dedicated to one separate idea confirming your thesis statement. The following template should be used for each of the body paragraphs.

• Start with a topic sentence that supports an aspect of your thesis.

Dramatic irony is used in Animal Farm to point out society’s ignorance.

• Continue with textual evidence (paraphrase, summary, direct quotations, specific details). Use several examples that substantiate the topic sentence.

Animals are unaware of the fact that Boxer was never sent to the hospital. He was sent to the slaughterhouse. However, the reader and writer understand that this is a lie.

• Conclude with an explanation.

By allowing the readers to learn some essential facts before the characters, dramatic irony creates suspense and shows how easy it is to persuade and manipulate the public.

Analysis Essay Conclusion

The next four points will give you a short instruction on how to conclude an analytical essay.

• Never use new information or topics here.
• Restate your thesis in a different formulation.
• Summarize the body paragraphs.
• Comment on the analyzed text from a new perspective.

📔 Choosing a Title for Your Analysis Essay

Choosing a title seems like not a significant step, but it is actually very important. The title of your critical analysis paper should:

• Entice and engage the reader
• Be unique and capture the readers’ attention
• Provide an adequate explanation of the content of the essay in just a few carefully chosen words

In the Animal Farm example, your title could be:

Just 13.00 10.40/page , and you can get an custom-written academic paper according to your instructions

“How Do the Pigs Manage to Keep Social Control on Animal Farm?”

Analysis Essay Topics

• Analyze the media content.
• Analyze the specifics and history of hip-hop culture.
• Sociological issues in the film Interstellar .
• Discuss the techniques M. Atwood uses to describe social issues in her novel The Handmaid’s Tale .
• Compare and analyze the paintings of Van Gogh and George Seurat.
• Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s The Black Cat .
• Examine the juvenile crime rates.
• Describe the influence of different parenting styles on children’s mind.
• Analyze the concept of the Ship of Theseus .
• Compare and analyze the various views on intelligence .
• Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman .
• Discuss the techniques used by W. Shakespeare in A Midsummer Night’s Dream .
• Analyze the biography of Frederic Chopin .
• Manifestation of the Chicano culture in the artwork An Ofrenda for Dolores del Rio .
• Similarities and differences of Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Spanish Empires .
• Describe the problem of stalking and its impact on human mental health.
• Examine the future of fashion .
• Analyze the topicality of the article Effectiveness of Hand Hygiene Interventions in Reducing Illness Absence .
• Discuss Thomas Paine’s impact on the success of American revolution.
• Meaningful messages in Recitatif by Toni Morrison .
• Explore the techniques used by directors in the film Killing Kennedy .
• Compare the leadership styles of Tang Empress Wu Zetian and the Pharaoh Cleopatra .
• Evaluate the credibility of Kristof’s arguments in his article Remote Learning Is Often an Oxymoron .
• Analyze genetically modified food .
• Examine the influence of Europeans on Indian tribes in The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson .
• Describe the rhetoric techniques used in The Portrait of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde .
• The importance of fighting against violence in communities in the documentary film The Interrupters .
• Analyze indoor and outdoor pollution .
• Analyze the issue of overprotective parenthood .
• Explore the connection between eating habits and advertisement.
• Discuss the urgence of global warming issue .
• Influence of sleep on people’s body and mental health.
• Analyze the relationship between Christianity and sports .
• Discuss the concept of leadership and its significance for company efficiency.
• Analyze the key lessons of the book Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki .
• Examine the specifics of nursing ethic .
• The theme of emotional sufferings in the short story A Rose for Emily .
• Analysis of bias in books for children .
• Analyze the rhetoric of the article Public Monuments .
• Describe the main messages in Jean-Paul Sartre’s Nausea .
• Explore the problem of structural racism in healthcare .
• The reasons of tango dance popularity.
• The shortcomings of the American educational system in Waiting for Superman.
• Analyze and compare Erin’s Law and Megan’s Law .
• Analyze the James Madison’s essay Federalist 10 .
• Examine symbols in the movie The Joker .
• Compare the thematic connection and stylistic devices in the poems The Road Not Taken and Find Your Way .
• Describe and analyze the life of Eddie Bernice Johnson .
• Explore the social classes in America .
• Crucial strengths and weaknesses of the main translation theories .

💁 Writing Your Analytical Essay Introduction

You must understand how to compose an introduction to an analysis paper. The University of Wollongong describes the introduction as a “map” of any writing. When writing the introduction, follow these steps:

• Provide a lead-in for the reader by offering a general introduction to the topic of the paper.
• Include your thesis statement , which shifts the reader from the generalized introduction to the specific topic and its related issues to your unique take on the essay topic.
• Present a general outline of the analysis paper.

Watch this great video for further instructions on how to write an introduction to an analysis essay.

Example of an Analytical Essay Introduction

“Four legs good, two legs bad” is one of the many postulates invented by George Orwell for his characters in Animal Farm to vest them with socialist ideology and control over the animal population. The social revolution on Manor Farm was built on language instruments, first for the collective success of the animals, and later for the power consolidation by the pigs. The novel was written in 1945 when the transition from limitless freedoms of socialist countries transformed into dictatorship. Through his animal protagonists, the author analyzes the reasons for peoples’ belief in the totalitarian regime. In Orwell’s Animal Farm , rhetoric and language prove to be more effective ways to keep social control than physical power.

🏋 Writing Your Analytical Essay Body

The body of the paper may be compared to its heart. This is the part where you show off your talent for analysis by providing convincing, well-researched, and well-thought-out arguments to support your thesis statement. You have already gathered the information, and now all you may start crafting your paper.

To make the body of an analytical essay, keep the following in mind:

• Discuss one argument per paragraph , although each argument can relate to multiple issues
• Strike a balance between writing in an unbiased tone, while expressing your personal opinion
• Be reasonable when making judgments regarding any of the problems you discuss
• Remember to include the opposing point of view to create a balanced perspective

The bottom line is: you want to offer opposing views, but you must pose your arguments so they will counter those opposing views and prove your point of view. Follow these steps when constructing each body paragraph:

• Choose the main sentence. The main or topic sentence will be the first line in your essay. The topic sentence is responsible for presenting the argument you will discuss in the paragraph and demonstrate how this argument relates to the thesis statement.
• Provide the context for the topic sentence , whether it relates to a quote, a specific incident in society, or something else. Offer evidence on who, what, where, when, why, and how.
• Give your analysis of the argument and how it adequately proves your thesis.
• Write a closing sentence that sums up the paragraph and provides a transition to the following paragraph.

Example of an Analytical Essay Body

Literacy can grant power, provided that there are animals who cannot read or write. In the beginning, the animals’ literacy and intellect are relatively the same. Old Major is the cleverest pig; he is the kind old philosopher, like Karl Marx or Vladimir Lenin. During his retirement, he develops a theory that all humans are the root of evil. His speech was the foundation for the pigs’ assumption of power. They refined his ideas into a new ideology and called it Animalism. They also learned how to read. It allowed the pigs to declare themselves the “mind workers.” Therefore, the pigs’ literacy assured the illiterate animals in their objective superiority.

Meanwhile, as the pigs were the intellectual elite, they were not supposed to work, which raised their social status by itself. Snowball tried to promote education among all the animals, but most of them failed to master the alphabet. This is a metaphor for the general public being predominantly ignorant and easy to manipulate. At the same time, Boxer and other animals that spend most of the day in hard work merely have no time to develop their intellect. Thus, the pigs’ intention to build a school for pig children was highly efficient. Unequal access to education and unequal ability to express one’s thoughts in perspective reinforce the social divide, making the pigs smarter and more powerful and undermining other animals’ self-esteem.

At this point, the pigs resort to propaganda and rhetoric. Squealer uses his oratorical gift to refine the pigs’ message to the other animals. Upon Napoleon’s order, he breaks the Seven Commandments of farm governance. At night, he climbs the ladder to change them, and once even falls from the ladder trying to change the commandment on alcohol. The “proletarian” animals soon forget what the Seven Commandments were like in the first place and are unsure if they have ever been altered. Further on, Minimus writes a poem praising Napoleon. Finally, Squealer replaces the Commandments with a single assertion: “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” Language is no longer used to convince. It is used to control and manipulate.

🏁 Writing Your Analytical Essay Conclusion

The conclusion is short and sweet. It summarizes everything you just wrote in the essay and wraps it up with a beautiful shiny bow. Follow these steps to write a convincing conclusion:

• Repeat the thesis statement and summarize your argument. Even when using the best summary generator for the task, reread it to make sure all the crucial points are included.
• Take your argument beyond what is simply stated in your paper. You want to show how it is essential in terms of the bigger picture. Also, you may dwell on the influence on citizens of the country.

Example of an Analytical Essay Conclusion

Because of everything mentioned above, it becomes clear that language and rhetoric can rise to power, establish authority, and manipulate ordinary people. Animal Farm is the simplified version of a communist society. It shows how wise philosophers’ good intentions can be used by mean leaders to gain unopposed power and unconditional trust. Unfortunately, this can lead to the death of many innocent animals, i.e., people, as totalitarianism has nothing to do with people’s rule. Therefore, language and oratory are potent tools that can keep people oppressed and weak, deprive them of any chance for improvement and growth, and make them think that there is no other possible existence.

Now you are ready to write an analysis essay! See, it’s easier than you thought.

Of course, it’s always helpful to see other analysis essay examples. The University of Arkansas at Little Rock provides some great examples of an analytical paper .

✏️ Analysis Essay FAQ

A great analytical paper should be well-structured, cohesive, and logically consistent. Each part of the essay should be in its place, creating a smooth and easy-to-read text. Most importantly, the statements should be objective and backed by arguments and examples.

It is a paper devoted to analyzing a certain topic or subject. An analysis essay is all about reviewing certain details of the subject and interpreting them. For example, such an analysis for a poem includes a description of artistic means that helped the poet convey the idea.

Writing an analytical essay on a book/movie/poem start with an outline. Point out what catches the eye when reviewing the subject. See how these details can be interpreted. Make sure that you refer to the main idea/message. Add an appropriate introduction and a logical conclusion.

Being more analytical in writing can be essential for a student. This is a skill that can be self-taught: try to start noticing subtle details and describe them. As you write, interpret the facts and strive to draw conclusions. Try to be as objective as possible.

• Elements of Analysis
• How Can I Create Stronger Analysis?
• How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay: Bucks.edu
• Essay Structure | – Harvard College Writing Center
• Analytical Writing: Looking Closely (Colostate.edu)
• Analytical Thesis Statements – University of Arizona
• Writing an analytic essay – UTSC – University of Toronto
• Organizing Your Analysis // Purdue Writing Lab
• How to Write an Analytical Essay: 15 Steps (with Pictures)
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This resource helps me a lot. Thanks! You guys have great information. Do you think I can use these steps when taking a test? Could it be known as plagiarized if I just copy and paste the information?

Glad to help, Hazel! You can use it in your test but you should cite it accordingly

Thanks, very good information.

Thank you for your attention, Jaweria🙂!

Thanks for learning how to critique research papers in a proper way! This is what I need to cope with this task successfully! Thanks!

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Describing Graphs

   This blog offers two great lessons on describing, analysing and evaluating graphs / charts / tables.

The first lesson begins with naming different graph / chart types and describing a range of different lines (peak, plummet, etc..). It finishes with a fun activity where students describe and plot the lines on four graph s.

The second lesson   provides the language necessary for describing, analysing and evaluating graphs. It is followed by researching and analysing graphs/charts/tables from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) and giving a short presentation on the findings.

The basic features of a graph

• Label the basic parts on this graph

18 more different graphs / charts / tables with paid version. 

Other topics: life satisfaction / divorce / religion / mental health / alcohol / mobile phones / murder / technology / leisure / population growth / life expectancy / etc..

Describing Results (questionnaire data)  [new 2023]

This lesson teaches students how to describe the results from a questionnaire. It provides language for describing quantities, group sizes, specific features and reporting verbs. It includes model answers and a range of practice activities.  Example   Level: ** *** [B1/B2/C1] TEACHER MEMBERSHIP / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP

  Academic description, analysis & evaluation

This lesson helps to improve students’ awareness and understanding of the difference between description, analysis and evaluation. It includes paragraph analysis, a detailed language review reference sheet and graph and sentence level quotation analysis.  Example. Time: 120mins.   Level *** ** [ [B2/C1]   TEACHER MEMBERSHIP / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP

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How To Write an IELTS Line Graph Essay

Here is the 5 steps process I recommend for planning and writing   IELTS line graph essays:

1)  Analyse the question

2)  Identify the main features

3)  Write an introduction

4)  Write an overview

5)  Write the details paragraphs

I’m going to take you through the whole process step-by-step as we work on a practice question.

Many students are reluctant to spend time on steps 1 and 2 as they want to spend as much of the 20 minutes allowed for the essay as possible actually writing it. However, it is essential that you do them as they are the key to writing a high-scoring IELTS line graph essay.

Before we begin, here’s a model essay structure that you can use as a guideline for all IELTS Academic Task 1 questions.

Ideally, your essay should have 4 paragraphs:

Paragraph 1  – Introduction

Paragraph 2  – Overview

Paragraph 3  – 1 st  main feature

Paragraph 4  – 2 nd  main feature

Now that we have all these tools we need, we’re ready to begin planning and writing our IELTS line graph essay.

Here’s our practice question:

The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Source: Official IELTS website

Step 1 –  Analyse the question

The format of every Academic Task 1 question is the same. Here is our practice question again with the words that will be included in all questions highlighted .

The  graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.

Every question consists of:

• Sentence 1 – A brief description of the graphic
• Sentence 2 – The instructions
• The graphic – chart, graph, table, etc.

Sentence 2 tells you what you have to do.

You must do 3 things:

1.     Select the main features.

2.     Write about the main features.

3.     Compare the main features.

All three tasks refer to the ‘ main features ’ of the graphic. You  do not  have to write about everything. Just pick out 2 or 3 key features and you’ll have plenty to write about.

Step 2 – Identify the Main Features

The graphic in IELTS line graph questions should not be difficult to interpret. Each question has been created to  test your language skills, not your mathematics ability.

All you are looking for are the main features. These will usually be the easiest things to spot. There will be lots of information in the graphic to help you identify them.

Here are some useful questions to ask?

• What information do the 2 axes give?
• What are the units of measurements?
• What are the time periods?
• What can you learn from the title and any labels?
• What is the most obvious trend?
• Are there any notable similarities?

(I give more detail on how to use these questions, plus downloadable checklists for identifying the main features of all 7 different types of IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 questions, in the lesson on  How To Understand & Analyse Task 1 Questions .)

So, what main features stand out in our practice graphic?

Here's our IELTS line graph again.

The timeline will give you the biggest clues as to the most significant trends. Look for general trends.

There are 2 main features/trends in this line graph:

Main feature 1:  The peak time for TV audiences is in the evening (8 pm).

Main feature 2:  The peak time for radio audiences is in the morning (8 am).

The general trends you select will be the starting point for your essay. You will then go on to add more detail. However, with just 20 minutes allowed for Task 1, and a requirement of only 150 words, you won't be able to include many details.

We’re now ready to begin writing our essay. Here’s a reminder of the 4 part structure we’re going to use.

Step 3 – Write an Introduction 

In the introduction, you should simply paraphrase the question, that is, say the same thing in a different way. You can do this by using synonyms and changing the sentence structure. For example:

Introduction (Paragraph 1): 

The line graph illustrates the proportion of people in the UK who watched TV and listened to the radio over 24 hours from October to December 1992.

This is all you need to do for the introduction.

Step 4 – Write an Overview (Paragraph 2)

In the second paragraph, you should report the main features you can see in the graph, giving only general information. The detail comes later in the essay. You should also make any clear comparisons you spot.

This is where we write about the general trends. Here are the ones we picked out above.

Now form these ideas into two or three sentences with a total of around 40 words. State the information simply using synonyms where possible. No elaborate vocabulary or grammar structures are required, just the appropriate words and correct verb tenses.

For example:

Overview  (Paragraph 2): 

Overall, a significantly greater percentage of the TV audience watched in the evening while radio had the most listeners in the morning. Over the course of each day and night, more people watched TV than listened to the radio.

Step 5  – Write the 1st Detail Paragraph

Paragraphs 3 and 4 of your IELTS line graph essay are where you include more detailed information about the data in the graphic. In paragraph 3, you should give evidence to support your first key feature. Don’t forget to make comparisons when relevant.

Here is our first main feature again:

And this is an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 3 :

Less than 10% of people watched TV between 1 am and 12 noon but at 4 pm this figure increased rapidly, reaching a peak of almost half the population at 8 pm. After this, the graph records a sharp decline in viewers, reaching a low of only a tiny percentage by 3 am.

Step 6  – Write the 2nd Detail Paragraph

For the fourth and final paragraph, you do the same thing for your second key feature. 

Here’s an example of what you could write:

Paragraph 4 :

Radio, on the other hand, shows a very different trend. The most popular time for listeners to be tuned in was just after 8 am when around 27% of the population was listening. After a brief peak, the numbers dropped steadily to barely 2%, apart from fluctuations at around 4 pm and 10.30 pm. The percentage of listeners remained low overnight before beginning a rapid ascent from 6 am to the 8 am high.

Here are the four paragraphs brought together to create our finished essay.

Finished IELTS Line Graph Essay

This sample IELTS line graph essay is well over the minimum word limit so you can see that you don’t have space to include very much detail at all. That’s why it is essential to select just a couple of main features to write about.

Now use what you’ve learnt in this lesson to practice answering other IELTS line graph questions. Start slowly at first and keep practicing until you can plan and write a complete essay in around 20 minutes.

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Ielts academic writing task 1 – all lessons.

IELTS Academic Writing  –  A summary of the test including important facts, test format & assessment.

Academic Writing Task 1  – The format, the 7 question types & sample questions, assessment & marking criteria.  All the key information you need to know.

Understanding Task 1 Questions  – How to quickly and easily analyse and understand IELTS Writing Task 2 questions.

How To Plan a Task 1 Essay  –  Discover  3 reasons why you must plan, the 4 simple steps of essay planning and learn a simple 4 part essay structure.

Vocabulary for Task 1 Essays  –  Learn key vocabulary for a high-scoring essay. Word lists & a downloadable PDF.

Grammar for Task 1 Essays   – Essential grammar for Task 1 Academic essays including, verb tenses, key sentence structures, articles & prepositions.

The 7 Question Types:

Click the links below for a step-by-step lesson on each type of Task 1 question.

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Sample of Chart or Graph Essay

A bar chart is a type of visual technique that enables its readers to easily recognize patterns or trends in the data set they are checking (Statistics Canada, 2009). A bar chart consists of rectangular bars whose length is proportional to the value it represents. A bar chart is used to compare two or more values that represent different conditions or options.

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Bar charts are usually used when the data set is small. A bar chart can be horizontal or vertical. On looking at a bar chart, one can easily find the tallest or the shortest bar, compare two bars, check the change in one bar over time, etc. (SkyMark Corporation, 2009).

For the purposes of this assignment, the following bar chart is used which is a stacked bar chart, a special type of bar chart. This is one of the many charts used in the survey conducted by Infosys on Enterprise Architecture (Infosys, 2005).

The stacked bar graph can be especially helpful when it is required to show segments of totals (Brio Software, Inc., 2002) which in this case it represents how many respondents voted the focus area as critical and how many voted it as high.

Thus, using a single chart, one can convey a lot of information using stacked bar charts. However, if there were more segments, then it would have become difficult to analyze the items in each stack. With more items, it can become more complicated to analyze stack bar charts and hence are not frequently used.

The chart represents the most important focus areas of Enterprise Architecture. As can be seen from the chart, the bars are sorted according to the total number of votes for a focus area with the focus area that has received the highest total votes at the top.

Upon careful inspection of the chart, one can understand that although the focus area “Enterprise data architecture” is ranked as the second highest most important focus area, it is critical by less number of people as compared to “Regulatory compliance (e.g. SOX) and Risk” which is 7 th highest most important focus area. This is also highlighted in the text and justified that this is considered critical by more people as it is being externally imposed (Infosys, 2005).

Again, the focus area “Infrastructure renewal / consolidation” was considered as highly important focus area by maximum people as compared to the other focus areas.

The chart also brings out very clearly that none of the respondents considered “XML technologies” and “Grid computing” as critical focus areas of Enterprise Architecture.

While the stacked bar chart is very helpful in understanding the overall votes by respondents as well how many considered each focus area as critical or high, it does not give an idea of the total votes, it needs to be calculated (Klass, 2001). Also it does not tell how many respondents were there and what percentage of respondents voted for each focus area. The text provides information that there were 45 respondents in all.

Considering this, “Integration and Service Oriented Architecture” was voted by 32 respondents or 71% in all. Without the text providing that information, one could be misled into thinking that there may be 35 respondents only or perhaps much more. Also, this means that the respondents could choose more than one focus area and that there was no restriction on the number of focus areas that one could choose.

Brio Software, Inc. (2002). “Stacked Bar Charts “, Brio Software, Inc. Web.

Infosys Technologies Limited (2005). “Infosys Enterprise Architecture Survey 2005”, Infosys Technologies Limited. Web.

Klass, G. (2001). “ How to Construct Bad Charts and Graphs “, Illinois State University. Web.

Sky Mark Corporation (2009). “ Bar Charts “, SkyMark Corporation. Web.

Statistics Canada (2009). “ Bar graphs “, Statistics Canada. Web.

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Bar Graph Analysis

Bar graphs best illustrate results that are gathered at one given time and are independent of each other.  Results of surveys, then, are best captured in bar graphs.  The bar graph below was used by Soraya J. NetoAlvarez to summarize the chances of projects of different sizes – as expressed in terms of total project costs – to be successful.

As shown in the bar graph, the x- axis or the abscissa presents the percentages of success achieved by projects while the y-axis or the ordinate presents the different scales or sizes of projects.  The bar graph’s x-axis is divided into equal intervals of 10 percent, from 0 percent at the meeting point of x- and y-axes to 60 percent going to the right.  Its y-axis, meanwhile, scales the sizes of the project from the same zero-point of x-axis to less than $750k as the smallest size in terms of project cost to the designated biggest size, over $10 million, as the highest point.

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The highest points of both x- and y-axes are set based on the given data to be plotted in the bar graph.  In the case of the subject data, the highest percentage of success attained is 55 percent.  As to the project sizes, the group that conducted this particular survey formed the scale of sizes and since all the companies that participated in the survey have total project costs that did not go beyond $10 million, then the highest point in the y-axis has been set at over $10 million.

With the x- and y-axes accordingly labeled, the percentages of success of each of the identified project sizes are next plotted as horizontal bars spanning the space from the point that represents 0 percent to the point that represents the exact percentages in the x-axis.  Once all the data have formed part of the bar graph, the result is an illustration that gives at one glance the general picture of the details gathered in the course of the survey.

Thus, the bar graph effectively conveys that based on the survey conducted, the small-sized projects turned out to be more successful, while the big-sized projects were the ones with lower chances of success.  These same information bits are included in the written lines, but it cannot be argued that the inclusion of the bar graph in the final output serves to provide a good grasp of the data.

• NetoAlvarez, S.  (2003).  Project Management Failure:  Main Causes.  Retrieved January 24,    2009 from http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~meinkej/inss690/netoalvarez.pdf.

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Graph Research Papers Samples For Students

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WowEssays.com paper writer service proudly presents to you a free collection of Graph Research Papers designed to help struggling students tackle their writing challenges. In a practical sense, each Graph Research Paper sample presented here may be a guide that walks you through the important stages of the writing procedure and showcases how to pen an academic work that hits the mark. Besides, if you need more visionary help, these examples could give you a nudge toward an original Graph Research Paper topic or encourage a novice approach to a threadbare theme.

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How To Write a Graph Essay

Julia barrus.

Graph essays present a written way for math students to interpret and explain information on a graph. There are many types of graphs, so it's important to understand the graph format and how to read the graph. After determining a way to read the graph and to interpret its information, you need to write an essay that presents the information. You will need expository writing skills and mathematical skills.

Interpret the graph information. For example, on a bar graph that details the quantity of rainfall per month during a 12-month period, read each bar and clearly indicate the method of measurement. Identify any labels such as those that indicate months. Write the information you have interpreted from the graph in clear sentences and in list form, such as "In August, there were 12 inches of rainfall."

Make a hypothesis about the information drawn from the graph. Analyze the graph to see what information you can deduce from the results. For example, "Based on graph information, it is reasonable to hypothesize that reduced snowfall in December translated to increased rainfall in July." If you have outside information that will help explain any patterns or inconsistencies you see, make note of the information so that you can include it in your essay.

Begin with a general introduction. Typically, introductions in expository essays give basic information such as what type of graph you will be writing about and the information it displays. Include five to eight sentences that describe general observations from the graph. Create three sub-topics that you can discuss in your body paragraphs. These sub-topics should explain your hypothesis. End the introductory paragraph with your hypothesis.

Write body paragraphs, taking care to verify that each paragraph supports your hypothesis. For a pie graph that displays information about student populations in inner city schools, the hypothesis might state, "85 percent of the student population receives free and reduced lunch because of poor economic conditions in the community." The body paragraphs would need to discuss student population data, free and reduced lunch statistics and how this information equates to poor economic conditions.

Conclude your essay with a paragraph that explains why your hypothesis is correct. Support your statements with evidence from the graph and your essay. Often, it helps to draw on outside data supported by the particular graph you analyze. Include resources that provide unbiased statistical or mathematical data so that your essay remains as objective as possible.

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Julia Barrus is a writer and teacher who has published with several online sources since 2008. Barrus has a bachelor's degree in English and a master's degree in secondary education curriculum and instruction with an endorsement in English from the University of Phoenix.

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• How to write a literary analysis essay | A step-by-step guide

How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay | A Step-by-Step Guide

Published on January 30, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on August 14, 2023.

Literary analysis means closely studying a text, interpreting its meanings, and exploring why the author made certain choices. It can be applied to novels, short stories, plays, poems, or any other form of literary writing.

A literary analysis essay is not a rhetorical analysis , nor is it just a summary of the plot or a book review. Instead, it is a type of argumentative essay where you need to analyze elements such as the language, perspective, and structure of the text, and explain how the author uses literary devices to create effects and convey ideas.

Before beginning a literary analysis essay, it’s essential to carefully read the text and c ome up with a thesis statement to keep your essay focused. As you write, follow the standard structure of an academic essay :

• An introduction that tells the reader what your essay will focus on.
• A main body, divided into paragraphs , that builds an argument using evidence from the text.
• A conclusion that clearly states the main point that you have shown with your analysis.

Table of contents

Step 1: reading the text and identifying literary devices, step 2: coming up with a thesis, step 3: writing a title and introduction, step 4: writing the body of the essay, step 5: writing a conclusion, other interesting articles.

The first step is to carefully read the text(s) and take initial notes. As you read, pay attention to the things that are most intriguing, surprising, or even confusing in the writing—these are things you can dig into in your analysis.

Your goal in literary analysis is not simply to explain the events described in the text, but to analyze the writing itself and discuss how the text works on a deeper level. Primarily, you’re looking out for literary devices —textual elements that writers use to convey meaning and create effects. If you’re comparing and contrasting multiple texts, you can also look for connections between different texts.

To get started with your analysis, there are several key areas that you can focus on. As you analyze each aspect of the text, try to think about how they all relate to each other. You can use highlights or notes to keep track of important passages and quotes.

Language choices

Consider what style of language the author uses. Are the sentences short and simple or more complex and poetic?

What word choices stand out as interesting or unusual? Are words used figuratively to mean something other than their literal definition? Figurative language includes things like metaphor (e.g. “her eyes were oceans”) and simile (e.g. “her eyes were like oceans”).

Also keep an eye out for imagery in the text—recurring images that create a certain atmosphere or symbolize something important. Remember that language is used in literary texts to say more than it means on the surface.

Narrative voice

Ask yourself:

• Who is telling the story?
• How are they telling it?

Is it a first-person narrator (“I”) who is personally involved in the story, or a third-person narrator who tells us about the characters from a distance?

Consider the narrator’s perspective . Is the narrator omniscient (where they know everything about all the characters and events), or do they only have partial knowledge? Are they an unreliable narrator who we are not supposed to take at face value? Authors often hint that their narrator might be giving us a distorted or dishonest version of events.

The tone of the text is also worth considering. Is the story intended to be comic, tragic, or something else? Are usually serious topics treated as funny, or vice versa ? Is the story realistic or fantastical (or somewhere in between)?

Consider how the text is structured, and how the structure relates to the story being told.

• Novels are often divided into chapters and parts.
• Poems are divided into lines, stanzas, and sometime cantos.
• Plays are divided into scenes and acts.

Think about why the author chose to divide the different parts of the text in the way they did.

There are also less formal structural elements to take into account. Does the story unfold in chronological order, or does it jump back and forth in time? Does it begin in medias res —in the middle of the action? Does the plot advance towards a clearly defined climax?

With poetry, consider how the rhyme and meter shape your understanding of the text and your impression of the tone. Try reading the poem aloud to get a sense of this.

In a play, you might consider how relationships between characters are built up through different scenes, and how the setting relates to the action. Watch out for  dramatic irony , where the audience knows some detail that the characters don’t, creating a double meaning in their words, thoughts, or actions.

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Your thesis in a literary analysis essay is the point you want to make about the text. It’s the core argument that gives your essay direction and prevents it from just being a collection of random observations about a text.

If you’re given a prompt for your essay, your thesis must answer or relate to the prompt. For example:

Essay question example

Is Franz Kafka’s “Before the Law” a religious parable?

Your thesis statement should be an answer to this question—not a simple yes or no, but a statement of why this is or isn’t the case:

Thesis statement example

Franz Kafka’s “Before the Law” is not a religious parable, but a story about bureaucratic alienation.

Sometimes you’ll be given freedom to choose your own topic; in this case, you’ll have to come up with an original thesis. Consider what stood out to you in the text; ask yourself questions about the elements that interested you, and consider how you might answer them.

Your thesis should be something arguable—that is, something that you think is true about the text, but which is not a simple matter of fact. It must be complex enough to develop through evidence and arguments across the course of your essay.

Say you’re analyzing the novel Frankenstein . You could start by asking yourself:

Your initial answer might be a surface-level description:

The character Frankenstein is portrayed negatively in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .

However, this statement is too simple to be an interesting thesis. After reading the text and analyzing its narrative voice and structure, you can develop the answer into a more nuanced and arguable thesis statement:

Mary Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to portray Frankenstein in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as.

Remember that you can revise your thesis statement throughout the writing process , so it doesn’t need to be perfectly formulated at this stage. The aim is to keep you focused as you analyze the text.

Finding textual evidence

To support your thesis statement, your essay will build an argument using textual evidence —specific parts of the text that demonstrate your point. This evidence is quoted and analyzed throughout your essay to explain your argument to the reader.

It can be useful to comb through the text in search of relevant quotations before you start writing. You might not end up using everything you find, and you may have to return to the text for more evidence as you write, but collecting textual evidence from the beginning will help you to structure your arguments and assess whether they’re convincing.

To start your literary analysis paper, you’ll need two things: a good title, and an introduction.

Your title should clearly indicate what your analysis will focus on. It usually contains the name of the author and text(s) you’re analyzing. Keep it as concise and engaging as possible.

A common approach to the title is to use a relevant quote from the text, followed by a colon and then the rest of your title.

If you struggle to come up with a good title at first, don’t worry—this will be easier once you’ve begun writing the essay and have a better sense of your arguments.

“Fearful symmetry” : The violence of creation in William Blake’s “The Tyger”

The introduction

The essay introduction provides a quick overview of where your argument is going. It should include your thesis statement and a summary of the essay’s structure.

A typical structure for an introduction is to begin with a general statement about the text and author, using this to lead into your thesis statement. You might refer to a commonly held idea about the text and show how your thesis will contradict it, or zoom in on a particular device you intend to focus on.

Then you can end with a brief indication of what’s coming up in the main body of the essay. This is called signposting. It will be more elaborate in longer essays, but in a short five-paragraph essay structure, it shouldn’t be more than one sentence.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific advancement unrestrained by ethical considerations. In this reading, protagonist Victor Frankenstein is a stable representation of the callous ambition of modern science throughout the novel. This essay, however, argues that far from providing a stable image of the character, Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to portray Frankenstein in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as. This essay begins by exploring the positive portrayal of Frankenstein in the first volume, then moves on to the creature’s perception of him, and finally discusses the third volume’s narrative shift toward viewing Frankenstein as the creature views him.

Some students prefer to write the introduction later in the process, and it’s not a bad idea. After all, you’ll have a clearer idea of the overall shape of your arguments once you’ve begun writing them!

If you do write the introduction first, you should still return to it later to make sure it lines up with what you ended up writing, and edit as necessary.

The body of your essay is everything between the introduction and conclusion. It contains your arguments and the textual evidence that supports them.

Paragraph structure

A typical structure for a high school literary analysis essay consists of five paragraphs : the three paragraphs of the body, plus the introduction and conclusion.

Each paragraph in the main body should focus on one topic. In the five-paragraph model, try to divide your argument into three main areas of analysis, all linked to your thesis. Don’t try to include everything you can think of to say about the text—only analysis that drives your argument.

In longer essays, the same principle applies on a broader scale. For example, you might have two or three sections in your main body, each with multiple paragraphs. Within these sections, you still want to begin new paragraphs at logical moments—a turn in the argument or the introduction of a new idea.

Robert’s first encounter with Gil-Martin suggests something of his sinister power. Robert feels “a sort of invisible power that drew me towards him.” He identifies the moment of their meeting as “the beginning of a series of adventures which has puzzled myself, and will puzzle the world when I am no more in it” (p. 89). Gil-Martin’s “invisible power” seems to be at work even at this distance from the moment described; before continuing the story, Robert feels compelled to anticipate at length what readers will make of his narrative after his approaching death. With this interjection, Hogg emphasizes the fatal influence Gil-Martin exercises from his first appearance.

Topic sentences

To keep your points focused, it’s important to use a topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph.

A good topic sentence allows a reader to see at a glance what the paragraph is about. It can introduce a new line of argument and connect or contrast it with the previous paragraph. Transition words like “however” or “moreover” are useful for creating smooth transitions:

… The story’s focus, therefore, is not upon the divine revelation that may be waiting beyond the door, but upon the mundane process of aging undergone by the man as he waits.

Nevertheless, the “radiance” that appears to stream from the door is typically treated as religious symbolism.

This topic sentence signals that the paragraph will address the question of religious symbolism, while the linking word “nevertheless” points out a contrast with the previous paragraph’s conclusion.

Using textual evidence

A key part of literary analysis is backing up your arguments with relevant evidence from the text. This involves introducing quotes from the text and explaining their significance to your point.

It’s important to contextualize quotes and explain why you’re using them; they should be properly introduced and analyzed, not treated as self-explanatory:

It isn’t always necessary to use a quote. Quoting is useful when you’re discussing the author’s language, but sometimes you’ll have to refer to plot points or structural elements that can’t be captured in a short quote.

In these cases, it’s more appropriate to paraphrase or summarize parts of the text—that is, to describe the relevant part in your own words:

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The conclusion of your analysis shouldn’t introduce any new quotations or arguments. Instead, it’s about wrapping up the essay. Here, you summarize your key points and try to emphasize their significance to the reader.

A good way to approach this is to briefly summarize your key arguments, and then stress the conclusion they’ve led you to, highlighting the new perspective your thesis provides on the text as a whole:

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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By tracing the depiction of Frankenstein through the novel’s three volumes, I have demonstrated how the narrative structure shifts our perception of the character. While the Frankenstein of the first volume is depicted as having innocent intentions, the second and third volumes—first in the creature’s accusatory voice, and then in his own voice—increasingly undermine him, causing him to appear alternately ridiculous and vindictive. Far from the one-dimensional villain he is often taken to be, the character of Frankenstein is compelling because of the dynamic narrative frame in which he is placed. In this frame, Frankenstein’s narrative self-presentation responds to the images of him we see from others’ perspectives. This conclusion sheds new light on the novel, foregrounding Shelley’s unique layering of narrative perspectives and its importance for the depiction of character.

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Caulfield, J. (2023, August 14). How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay | A Step-by-Step Guide. Scribbr. Retrieved August 30, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/literary-analysis/

Is this article helpful?

Jack Caulfield

Other students also liked, how to write a thesis statement | 4 steps & examples, academic paragraph structure | step-by-step guide & examples, how to write a narrative essay | example & tips, lewis dolan.

Hi, I'm wondering if you could address the structure of a literary analysis for a 10,000 word dissertation? Thanks

Shona McCombes (Scribbr Team)

Like an essay, a literary analysis dissertation should include an introduction and a conclusion. The body text should be divided into chapters with clear headings (2 or 3 body chapters would generally be appropriate for a dissertation of this length). Apart from that, there are no set rules for the structure – it just needs to be logically organized.

If you're analyzing several longer texts, you could focus on one text per chapter; if you're working with more than one author, you could focus on a different author per chapter; if you're working on a wider variety of texts (or on a single text), you can organize the chapters by theme or topic.

It might help to think of your dissertation as a series of smaller interrelated essays: each chapter should have a logical internal structure of its own, with an introduction and conclusion paragraph. In the main introduction and conclusion, you should make it clear how all the chapters fit together and contribute to your overall argument.

I hope that's helpful!

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OpenAI launches a ChatGPT plan for enterprise customers

Seeking to capitalize on ChatGPT’s viral success , OpenAI today announced the launch of ChatGPT Enterprise, a business-focused edition of the company’s AI-powered chatbot app.

ChatGPT Enterprise, which OpenAI first teased in a blog post earlier this year, can perform the same tasks as ChatGPT, such as writing emails, drafting essays and debugging computer code. But the new offering also adds “enterprise-grade” privacy and data analysis capabilities on top of the vanilla ChatGPT, as well as enhanced performance and customization options.

That puts ChatGPT Enterprise on par, feature-wise, with Bing Chat Enterprise , Microsoft’s recently launched take on an enterprise-oriented chatbot service.

“Today marks another step towards an AI assistant for work that helps with any task, protects your company data and is customized for your organization,” OpenAI writes in a blog post shared with TechCrunch. “Businesses interested in ChatGPT Enterprise should get in contact with us. While we aren’t disclosing pricing, it’ll be dependent on each company’s usage and use cases.”

ChatGPT Enterprise provides a new admin console with tools to manage how employees within an organization use ChatGPT, including integrations for single sign-on, domain verification and a dashboard with usage statistics. Shareable conversation templates allow employees to build internal workflows leveraging ChatGPT, while credits to OpenAI’s API platform let companies create fully custom ChatGPT-powered solutions if they choose.

ChatGPT Enterprise, in addition, comes with unlimited access to Advanced Data Analysis, the ChatGPT feature formerly known as Code Interpreter, which allows ChatGPT to analyze data, create charts, solve math problems and more, including from uploaded files. For example, given a prompt like “Tell me what’s interesting about this data,” ChatGPT’s Advanced Data Analysis capability can look through the data — financial, health or location information, for example — to generate insights.

Advanced Data Analysis was previously available only to subscribers to ChatGPT Plus , the $20-per-month premium tier of the consumer ChatGPT web and mobile apps. To be clear, ChatGPT Plus is sticking around — OpenAI sees ChatGPT Enterprise as complementary to it, the company says.

ChatGPT Enterprise is powered by GPT-4 , OpenAI’s flagship AI model, as is ChatGPT Plus. But ChatGPT Enterprise customers get priority access to GPT-4, delivering performance that’s twice as fast as the standard GPT-4 and with an expanded 32,000-token (~25,000-word) context window.

Context window refers to the text the model considers before generating additional text, while tokens represent raw text (e.g. the word “fantastic” would be split into the tokens “fan,” “tas” and “tic”). Generally speaking, models with large context windows are less likely to “forget” the content of recent conversations.

OpenAI — no doubt attempting to allay the fears of businesses that have restricted their employees from using the consumer version of ChatGPT — emphasizes that it won’t train models on business data sent to ChatGPT Enterprise or any usage data and that all conversations with ChatGPT Enterprise are encrypted in transit and at rest.

“We believe AI can assist and elevate every aspect of our working lives and make teams more creative and productive,” writes OpenAI in the blog post.

OpenAI claims that there’s acute interest from businesses in an enterprise-focused ChatGPT, claiming that ChatGPT, one of the fastest-growing consumer apps in history, has been adopted by teams in more than 80% of Fortune 500 companies.

But it’s not clear that ChatGPT has staying power.

According to analytics company Similarweb, ChatGPT traffic dropped 9.7% globally from May to June, while average time spent on the web app went down by 8.5%. The dip could be due to the launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT app for iOS and Android — and summer vacation (i.e. fewer kids turning to ChatGPT for homework help). But it wouldn’t be surprising if increased competition was playing a part. 

OpenAI’s under pressure to monetize the tool regardless.

The company reportedly spent upward of $540 million last year to develop ChatGPT, including funds it used to poach talent from the likes of Google, according to The Information. And according to some estimates , ChatGPT is costing OpenAI $700,000 a day to run.

Yet OpenAI made only $30 million in revenue in fiscal year 2022.

CEO Sam Altman has  reportedly told investors that the company intends to boost that figure to $200 million this year and $1 billion next year, and he’s presumably figuring ChatGPT Enterprise into those plans.

OpenAI says that its future plans for ChatGPT Enterprise include a ChatGPT Business offering for smaller teams, allowing companies to connect apps to ChatGPT Enterprise, “more powerful” and “enterprise-grade” versions of Advanced Data Analysis and web browsing, and tools designed for data analysts, marketers and customer support.

“We look forward to sharing an even more detailed roadmap with prospective customers and continuing to evolve ChatGPT Enterprise based on your feedback,” OpenAI writes.