animal farm discussion questions chapter 4

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Summary and Analysis Chapter 4

As summer ends and news of the rebellion spreads to other farms (by way of pigeons released by Snowball and Napoleon ), Jones spends most of his time in a pub, complaining about his troubles to two neighboring farmers: Pilkington and Jones ; Frederick .

In October, Jones and a group of men arrive at Animal Farm and attempt to seize control of it. Snowball turns out to be an extraordinary tactician and, with the help of the other animals, drives Jones and his men away. The animals then celebrate their victory in what they call "The Battle of the Cowshed."

Snowball and Napoleon's decision to send pigeons to neighboring farms to spread news of Animal Farm is — like their creation of "Animal Hero, First Class" at the end of the chapter — an attempt to heighten the gravity and scope of the rebellion. By informing other animals about Animal Farm, the pigs hope to instigate rebellions elsewhere and eventually live in the world depicted in old Major 's dream.

The scene of Jones commiserating in the Red Lion with Pilkington and Frederick portrays the humans as exactly the greedy self-centered beings that the animals wished to overthrow. Although the two neighboring farmers sympathize with Jones "in principle," Orwell states that each is "secretly wondering whether he could somehow turn Jones' misfortune to his own advantage." Note also that Pilkington's farm, Foxwood, is in a "disgraceful condition" and that Frederick is "perpetually involved in lawsuits" and has a "name for driving hard bargains." In direct contrast to the principles of Animalism, the humans live by a credo of self-interest and desire for material gain. (Of course, the reader has already seen how Napoleon is betraying the principles of Animalism, as he becomes more and more like these men in the pub.)

According to Frederick and Pilkington, the animals are "rebelling against the laws of nature," with "nature" in this context referring to a world where humans control all aspects of animals' lives and use them for their own material gain. Of course, what seems "natural" to the humans is not what seems "natural" to the animals, and it is worth noting that all attempts in the novel to change the natures of both humans and animals fail.

Driven by fear and their perception that other animals at neighboring farms are beginning to become inspired by the rebels' example, Jones attempts to take back what is his — but his attempt at military prowess in this case only further depicts him as impotent and inept. After being muted upon by the pigeons, Jones is knocked into a dung heap — a fitting place for him, in the eyes of his animal enemies. His running from the farm concludes a scene obviously serious for the characters but — with its panic and application of Caesarian tactics to a barnyard melee — comic to the reader.

Boxer's teary-eyed concern over the possible death of the stable-lad reinforces his simple-mindedness and foreshadows the fact that he will be unable to survive in a place as harsh as Animal Farm is soon to become. The image of the great horse trying to turn the boy over with his hoof while he laments, "Who will not believe that I did not do this on purpose?" contrasts the one of Snowball, with the blood dripping from his wounds, stating, "War is war. The only good human being is a dead one." Unlike Boxer, who wishes no real harm even to his enemies, Snowball cares little for the possible regrets one of his soldiers may face. To him, death is an inevitable by-product of revolution, as he remarks during his funeral oration for the dead sheep.

The chapter ends with the implication that Animal Farm is becoming a place grounded more in military might than agrarian industry. The creation of military decorations, the naming of the battle, and the decision to fire Jones' gun twice a year all suggest the animals' love of ceremony and the slow but sure transformation of Animal Farm into a place governed by martial law more than the Seven Commandments of Animalism.

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animal farm discussion questions chapter 4

Animal Farm

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'Animal Farm' Questions for Study and Discussion

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Since  George Orwell 's 1945 novel " Animal Farm " is such a complex work, you can better understand its themes and plot devices by working your way through study questions. Use these "Animal Farm" discussion questions as a guide to better comprehending the book, but for context, first, make sure you understand the gist of the story and its related history.

'Animal Farm' in Context

In short, "Animal Farm" is an allegory that depicts the rise of Joseph Stalin and communism in the former Soviet Union. Orwell was dismayed by the favorable image of World War II-era and the post-war Soviet Union. He viewed the USSR as a brutal dictatorship whose people were suffering under Stalin's rule. In addition, Orwell was angered by what he viewed as acceptance of the Soviet Union by Western countries. Given this, Stalin, Hitler , and Karl Marx are all represented in the novel , which ends with the famous quote , “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” 

Questions for Review

With the context of the book in mind, prepare to answer the "Animal Farm" discussion questions below. You can review them before you read the book, as you read it, or afterward. In any case, looking at these questions will improve your comprehension of the material.

Your answers may reveal why the book has endured for generations. Discuss with your classmates or a friend who's familiar with the book. You may have somewhat different takes on the novel, but analyzing what you've read is a great way to connect with the material.

  • What is important about the title?
  • Why do you think Orwell chose to represent political figures as animals? Why did he choose a farm as the novel's setting?
  • What if Orwell had chosen jungle or marine animals to represent the political figures?
  • Is it important to know the world history of the mid- and late-1940s to fully understand what Orwell is trying to portray?
  • "Animal Farm" has been described as a dystopian novel. What are some other examples of fictional works with dystopian settings?
  • Compare "Animal Farm" with Orwell's other famous cautionary tale, " 1984 ." How similar are the messages of these two works? What's different about them?
  • What are the symbols in "Animal Farm?" Are they easily recognized by readers who don't know the historical context of the novel?
  • Can you discern an authorial voice (a character who speaks the author's point of view) in "Animal Farm?"
  • How essential is the setting to the story? Could the story have taken place somewhere else and still made the same points?
  • Does the story end the way you expected? What other outcomes could there have been for "Animal Farm?"
  • What would a sequel to "Animal Farm" have looked like? Were Orwell's fears about Stalin realized?
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Table of Contents

Animal Farm Chapter 4 Summary

Animal Farm Chapter 4: Snowball and Napoleon start spreading the word of what happened at Animal Farm and sharing, “Beasts of England,” utilizing pigeons for the purpose.

Mr. Jones spends his time complaining about how unfair it was, him being run off of the farm by the animals. Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick, both from adjacent farms, are outwardly sympathetic but inwardly wondering if what happened would help them. However, they are also concerned that the same thing might occur on their farms. Their concern is warranted as this did start taking place in small measures.

That fall, Mr. Jones and his workers plus some from the neighboring farms attempt to recover control of Animal Farm, but Snowball, who had taught himself war strategies, lead the animals to a rebuttal of those takeover attempts.

When the melee concludes, Boxer is heartbroken as he believes that he had killed a human. Snowball would have none of that sentimentality. Also, Mollie is missing, but it turns out that she had simply gone into hiding during the battle.

Snowball and Boxer receive “Animal Hero, First Class” medals while a sheep who had died in the battle is posthumously given “Animal Hero, Second Class” honors.

Thanks to Napoleon and Snowball sending out pigeons to spread the word of what had happened on Animal Farm, the news starts spreading across the country. Also thanks to those pigeons, “Beasts of England” starts to be sung at several other farms as well.

While this is going on, Mr. Jones complains about what had happened to him and how unjust it was that the animals now run his farm. Others appear to sympathize but instead are hoping that this could somehow turn into a positive for them. However, this quickly ends up not being the case as animals start resisting what they had always done after being informed about what had happened on Animal Farm. But what was perhaps most troubling to the humans was how quickly, “Beasts of England,” spread and how it seemed to really motivate the animals to not simply accept their previous place in the world. The humans even took to flogging animals caught singing it, but that didn’t stop it from being sung.

That fall, Mr. Jones had had enough, and his men plus six from neighboring farms start marching to Animal Farm, determined to retake what had been theirs. The pigeons warn the rest of the animals of this impending attack, and Snowball, who had expected this and is well prepared for it after studying Julius Caesar’s war strategies , quickly gets the animals in place to react to this invasion.

The pigeons are first to act as they attack the men. The geese are next. Snowball, Benjamin, Muriel and the sheep follow. However, the humans are able to repel these attacks. This is followed by celebrations as they had thought that they had won and much more easily than they thought it would be. However, this was exactly what Snowball was expecting to occur and set the stage for the next step of his plan.

The men are cut off at the rear by several other animals, including pigs, cows and horses. Snowball goes right for Mr. Jones who quickly raises his gun and fires, grazing Snowball and killing a sheep. That doesn’t stop Snowball’s momentum at all, and he strikes Mr. Jones with such force that he is hurled into some dung, losing his gun in the process. As this is going on, Boxer kicks a boy in his head and knocks him out. The rest of the men, including Mr. Jones, attempt to run away upon seeing these latest developments but are continuously beaten by the animals until, finally, an opening allows them to escape Animal Farm.

The unconscious boy appears dead, and Boxer is distraught with tears in his eyes. However, Snowball is not affected at all, even demanding, “No sentimentality, comrade!” adding that the only good humans are dead ones. However, the boy wakes up and escapes when the animals are distracted, searching for Mollie. She had disappeared and was feared stolen or hurt, but she had only run from the commotion.

After the animals celebrate, the sheep is buried, and Snowball states that all animals need to be ready to die as well if doing so is necessary to save Animal Farm. He and Boxer are then awarded “Animal Hero, First Class” honors and brass medals while the deceased sheep receives “Animal Hero, Second Class” honors. The animals name the just-completed battle the Battle of the Cowshed and decide to fire the gun that Mr. Jones had left on Oct. 12, the anniversary of this battle, and on Midsummer Day , the anniversary of the Rebellion.

Perhaps the most ironic part of this entire novella was when all of the animals on Animal Farm were fighting against oppression from the humans only to keep the momentum going towards the pigs oppressing them in a similar manner.

It’s also telling how every animal should now be ready and willing to sacrifice his or her life for Animal Farm. It’s fascinating how the pigs manipulated this situation to cause the animals to not balk at the idea of sacrificing their lives for the pigs’ benefit. However, it should be pointed out that Snowball appeared to be very willing to put his own life in danger during this battle.

After the battle concludes, it becomes clear that martial law is starting to take the place of the commandments. Military medals are given out – “first class” to Snowball and Boxer and “second class” to the sheep who had sacrificed her life – and military salutes would now take place twice a year with the shooting of Mr. Jones’ gun on the anniversaries of the Battle of the Cowshed and the Rebellion. Martial law naturally takes the rights of citizens away and gives more of it to those in power, so it’s clear that this type of society works in the pigs’ favor.

Also of note was how both sides attempted to spread the message that they wanted spread. The pigs used the pigeons to pass on to as many other animals as possible what happened at Animal Farm and “Beasts of England.” Conversely, the humans spread as much negative information about the happenings at Animal Farm as possible, starting with not believing that it would last more than a couple of weeks and then going on to say that the animals there were constantly fighting and starving. Reports of torture and cannibalism followed. These communication strategy tactics are similar to how governments in the past and today use propaganda to influence others.

Boxer’s emotional response to believing that he had killed a human completely contrasted Snowball’s callousness. However, given that the pigs are in power, it should be clear which direction the farm would be heading in the future, and having compassion for others was not it.

After being mentioned with Snowball as one of the two animals sending out the pigeons to spread the message of Animal Farm at the beginning of this chapter, Napoleon’s name is not mentioned again, signifying that his role in the battle paled in comparison to the roles that Snowball and Boxer had.

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Animal Farm Chapter 4 Questions and Answers

The pigeons.

Mr. Frederick and Mr. Pilkington.

They said that animal control of it would be over in a couple of weeks, the animals were constantly fighting each other, they were starving, they tortured each other, and they practiced cannibalism.

A flogging.

One. It was carried by Mr. Jones.

He had studied a book about the military strategies that Julius Caesar had used.

When Snowball flung himself against Mr. Jones’ legs, it flew out of his hands and ended up being left there when the humans ran out of the farm in defeat.

He thought he had killed a boy.

Animal Hero, First Class.

Animal Hero, Second Class.

The Battle of the Cowshed.

It will be fired on Oct. 12, the Battle of the Cowshed anniversary, and on Midsummer Day, when the Rebellion took place.

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Animal Farm Ch. 4 Questions with Answers

animal farm discussion questions chapter 4

Animal Farm Chapter Four Questions

Directions: Answer each in a complete sentence. Use textual evidence to support your response.

1. What do Snowball and Napoleon do to encourage the spread of

Snowball and Napoleon encourage the spread of Animalism by sending “out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighboring farms” (Orwell, 54).

2. Who are Frederick and Pilkington?

Frederick and Pilkington are the owners of the farms that reside on each side of Animal Farm.

3. In what ways do the humans try and stop the spread of Animalism?

The humans try and stop the spread of Animalism by stating “the animals there practiced cannibalism, tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes, and had females in common” (Orwell, 55). They were basically trying to spread lies so that the animals would not want to rebel.

4. Where does Snowball get his ideas for defending Animal Farm?

Snowball gets his ideas for defending Animal Farm by studying “an old book of Julius Caesar’s campaigns” (Orwell, 57).

5. Describe how the animals are able to successfully defend the farm against the humans.

The animals are able to successfully defend the farm against the humans by working together and strategically planning their defenses.

6. Which animals are injured or killed during the battle?

During the battle, Snowball is injured and one sheep is killed.

7. How do the animals celebrate their victory?

The animals celebrate their victory by reassembling “in the wildest excitement, each recounting his own exploits in the battle” (Orwell, 59).

They also hoisted the flag and sung Beasts of England .

8. What part does Napoleon play during the Battle of the Cowshed? What do you think this says about him? During the Battle of the Cowshed, Napoleon was not present whatsoever. His lack of presence shows that Napoleon does not care for the well-being of everyone and does not share in the defense of the farm.

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