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- Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples
Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples
Published on May 29, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on March 15, 2023.
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence.
The proposed solution to the problem did not work. Therefore , we attempted a second solution. However , this solution was also unsuccessful.
For clear writing, it’s essential to understand the meaning of transition words and use them correctly.
Table of contents
When and how to use transition words, types and examples of transition words, common mistakes with transition words.
Transition words commonly appear at the start of a new sentence or clause (followed by a comma ), serving to express how this clause relates to the previous one.
Transition words can also appear in the middle of a clause. It’s important to place them correctly to convey the meaning you intend.
Example text with and without transition words
The text below describes all the events it needs to, but it does not use any transition words to connect them. Because of this, it’s not clear exactly how these different events are related or what point the author is making by telling us about them.
If we add some transition words at appropriate moments, the text reads more smoothly and the relationship among the events described becomes clearer.
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Consequently , France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Soviet Union initially worked with Germany in order to partition Poland. However , Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
Don’t overuse transition words
While transition words are essential to clear writing, it’s possible to use too many of them. Consider the following example, in which the overuse of linking words slows down the text and makes it feel repetitive.
In this case the best way to fix the problem is to simplify the text so that fewer linking words are needed.
The key to using transition words effectively is striking the right balance. It is difficult to follow the logic of a text with no transition words, but a text where every sentence begins with a transition word can feel over-explained.
There are four main types of transition word: additive, adversative, causal, and sequential. Within each category, words are divided into several more specific functions.
Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not necessarily interchangeable. It’s important to understand the meaning of all the transition words you use. If unsure, consult a dictionary to find the precise definition.
Additive transition words
Additive transition words introduce new information or examples. They can be used to expand upon, compare with, or clarify the preceding text.
| Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | We found that the mixture was effective. , it appeared to have additional effects we had not predicted. | indeed, furthermore, moreover, additionally, and, also, both and , not only but also , , in fact |
| Introduction | Several researchers have previously explored this topic. , Smith (2014) examined the effects of … | such as, like, particularly, including, as an illustration, for example, for instance, in particular, to illustrate, especially, notably |
| Reference | The solution showed a high degree of absorption. , it is reasonable to conclude that … | considering , regarding , in regard to , as for , concerning , the fact that , on the subject of |
| Similarity | It was not possible to establish a correlation between these variables. , the connection between and remains unclear … | similarly, in the same way, by the same token, in like manner, equally, likewise |
| Clarification | The patient suffered several side effects, increased appetite, decreased libido, and disordered sleep. | that is (to say), namely, specifically, more precisely, in other words |
Adversative transition words
Adversative transition words always signal a contrast of some kind. They can be used to introduce information that disagrees or contrasts with the preceding text.
| Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
|---|---|---|
| Conflict | The novel does deal with the theme of family. , its central theme is more broadly political … | but, however, although, though, equally, by way of contrast, while, on the other hand, (and) yet, whereas, in contrast, (when) in fact, conversely, whereas |
| Concession | Jones (2011) argues that the novel reflects Russian politics of the time. this is correct, other aspects of the text must also be considered. | even so, nonetheless, nevertheless, even though, on the other hand, admittedly, despite , notwithstanding , (and) still, although, , regardless (of ), (and) yet, though, granted |
| Dismissal | It remains unclear which of these hypotheses is correct. , it can be inferred that … | regardless, either way, whatever the case, in any/either event, in any/either case, at any rate, all the same |
| Emphasis | The chemical is generally thought to have corrosive properties. , several studies have supported this hypothesis. | above all, indeed, more/most importantly |
| Replacement | The character of Godfrey is often viewed as selfish, self-absorbed. | (or) at least, (or) rather, instead, or (perhaps) even, if not |
Causal transition words
Causal transition words are used to describe cause and effect. They can be used to express purpose, consequence, and condition.
| Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
|---|---|---|
| Consequence | Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. | therefore, because (of ), as a result (of ), for this reason, in view of , as, owing to x, due to (the fact that), since, consequently, in consequence, as a consequence, hence, thus, so (that), accordingly, so much (so) that, under the/such circumstances, if so |
| Condition | We qualified survey responses as positive the participant selected “agree” or “strongly agree.” , results were recorded as negative. | (even/only) if/when, on (the) condition that, in the case that, granted (that), provided/providing that, in case, in the event that, as/so long as, unless, given that, being that, inasmuch/insofar as, in that case, in (all) other cases, if so/not, otherwise |
| Purpose | We used accurate recording equipment our results would be as precise as possible. | to, in order to/that, for the purpose of, in the hope that, so that, to the end that, lest, with this in mind, so as to, so that, to ensure (that) |
Sequential transition words
Sequential transition words indicate a sequence, whether it’s the order in which events occurred chronologically or the order you’re presenting them in your text. They can be used for signposting in academic texts.
| Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
|---|---|---|
| Enumeration | This has historically had several consequences: , the conflict is not given the weight of other conflicts in historical narratives. , its causes are inadequately understood. , … | first, second, third… |
| Initiation | , I want to consider the role played by women in this period. | in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, at first |
| Continuation | , I discuss the way in which the country’s various ethnic minorities were affected by the conflict. | subsequently, previously, eventually, next, before , afterwards, after , then |
| Conclusion | , I consider these two themes in combination. | to conclude (with), as a final point, eventually, at last, last but not least, finally, lastly |
| Resumption | my main argument, it is clear that … | to return/returning to , to resume, at any rate |
| Summation | Patel (2015) comes to a similar conclusion. , the four studies considered here suggest a consensus that the solution is effective. | as previously stated/mentioned, in summary, as I have argued, overall, as has been mentioned, to summarize, briefly, given these points, in view of , as has been noted, in conclusion, in sum, altogether, in short |
Check for common mistakes
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Transition words are often used incorrectly. Make sure you understand the proper usage of transition words and phrases, and remember that words with similar meanings don’t necessarily work the same way grammatically.
Misused transition words can make your writing unclear or illogical. Your audience will be easily lost if you misrepresent the connections between your sentences and ideas.
Confused use of therefore
“Therefore” and similar cause-and-effect words are used to state that something is the result of, or follows logically from, the previous. Make sure not to use these words in a way that implies illogical connections.
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. Therefore , the average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
The use of “therefore” in this example is illogical: it suggests that the result of 7.5 follows logically from the question being asked, when in fact many other results were possible. To fix this, we simply remove the word “therefore.”
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. The average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
Starting a sentence with also , and , or so
While the words “also,” “and,” and “so” are used in academic writing, they are considered too informal when used at the start of a sentence.
- Also , a second round of testing was carried out.
To fix this issue, we can either move the transition word to a different point in the sentence or use a more formal alternative.
- A second round of testing was also carried out.
- Additionally , a second round of testing was carried out.
Transition words creating sentence fragments
Words like “although” and “because” are called subordinating conjunctions . This means that they introduce clauses which cannot stand on their own. A clause introduced by one of these words should always follow or be followed by another clause in the same sentence.
The second sentence in this example is a fragment, because it consists only of the “although” clause.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. Although other researchers disagree.
We can fix this in two different ways. One option is to combine the two sentences into one using a comma. The other option is to use a different transition word that does not create this problem, like “however.”
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed, although other researchers disagree.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. However , other researchers disagree.
And vs. as well as
Students often use the phrase “ as well as ” in place of “and,” but its usage is slightly different. Using “and” suggests that the things you’re listing are of equal importance, while “as well as” introduces additional information that is less important.
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf, as well as presenting my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
In this example, the analysis is more important than the background information. To fix this mistake, we can use “and,” or we can change the order of the sentence so that the most important information comes first. Note that we add a comma before “as well as” but not before “and.”
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf and presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
- Chapter 1 presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse , as well as discussing some background information on Woolf.
Note that in fixed phrases like “both x and y ,” you must use “and,” not “as well as.”
- Both my results as well as my interpretations are presented below.
- Both my results and my interpretations are presented below.
Use of and/or
The combination of transition words “and/or” should generally be avoided in academic writing. It makes your text look messy and is usually unnecessary to your meaning.
First consider whether you really do mean “and/or” and not just “and” or “or.” If you are certain that you need both, it’s best to separate them to make your meaning as clear as possible.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus and/or the train.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus, the train, or both.
Archaic transition words
Words like “hereby,” “therewith,” and most others formed by the combination of “here,” “there,” or “where” with a preposition are typically avoided in modern academic writing. Using them makes your writing feel old-fashioned and strained and can sometimes obscure your meaning.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Hereby , we not only see that it is hereditary, but acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
These words should usually be replaced with a more explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement relates to the preceding one.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Understanding it as such , we not only see that it is hereditary, but also acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
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Linking Words – Full List, Examples & Worksheet
| Candace Osmond
Candace Osmond
Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. She’s been an International and USA TODAY Bestselling Author for over a decade. And she’s worked as an Editor for several mid-sized publications. Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction.
Worried that your essay lacks structure and coherence? Perhaps you should use linking words, transition words, or connectors to give it a boost.
Linking words join separate sentences to improve writing flow. You can also find them mid-sentence to connect clauses.
Read on as I show you the definition and types of linking words in English. I also list examples of linking words under every category, and I whipped up a helpful worksheet to test your skills.
What Are Linking Words?
Linking words, transition words, or connecting words in the English language help connect ideas and sentences when speaking or writing.
Linking words and phrases are connectors or transitional phrases. They are also part of formal language, so you’ll find them in academic writing, opinion writing, critical essays, dialectic essays , journalism, and business documents.
Some linking verbs link clauses within a sentence, such as although, in case, and whatever. That means you can find them in the middle of sentences from time to time. Others link two complete sentences, such as besides, as a result, and however.
List of Transition Words
Now that you know the meaning of transition words, let’s look at the usage of transition words in sentences and clauses. Don’t worry, I’ll break it all down for you!
Below, I’ve got a list of linking words and phrases to serve as alternative choices for connecting ideas in writing. Note that there are several types of transition words which we will discuss later.
Agreement/Addition/Similarity
Linking words may help the reader understand additional comments or ideas in a statement. They may also express agreement or similarities. These words are also called additive transition words, commonly found in expository essays and narrative essays.
- In the first place
- As a matter of fact
- In like manner
- In addition
- Not only, but also
- Coupled with
- In the same way
- In the same manner
- First, second, third
- Not to mention
- In the light of
- By the same token
- Additionally
- Correspondingly
- Furthermore
- Comparatively
- At the same time
- Together with
- Identically
Here are some examples of additive linking words in a sentence.
- The group found that a constructivist approach leads to higher test scores. Moreover, essay examinations show higher levels of learning.
- The resort has tennis courts. Furthermore, it has an Olympic pool.
Negative Ideas
Some linking words come in pairs to join negative ideas.
- Not, neither
- Neither, nor
Here are sentence examples of linking words showing negative ideas.
- I haven’t seen Lory, neither have I talked to her friend.
- I neither drink nor smoke.
Opposition/Limitation/Contradiction
Whereas some linking words show an extra idea, these transition phrases and words express contrasting ideas in writing.
- Although this may be true
- In contrast
- (and) still
- Notwithstanding
- Different from
- Of course…, but
- On the other hand
- On the contrary
- Be that as it may
- Nonetheless
- Even so/though
- Nevertheless
- In spite of
Here are some sentences with linking words of opposition.
- The short story can be analyzed using a functionalist lens. However, its historical theme is better understood with a critical perspective.
- As much as I want to go, I must take care of my sister.
Some linking words show relationships between ideas by accepting an idea with reservation instead of showing complete opposition. Here are some examples.
- All the same
- Regardless of this
- Up to a point
Here are some sentence examples.
- Many citizens opposed this unfair policy, which the president nevertheless enacted.
- I like him even if we have different views in life.
Cause/Condition/Purpose
You may also use linking words in your writing piece to show conditions and purpose for a logical flow of ideas. Words like reason get the reader ready to understand why. These words are commonly found in hypothesis essays.
- In the event that
- Granted (that)
- Provided that
- On (the) condition (that)
- For the purpose of
- With this intention
- With this in mind
- In the hope that
- Inasmuch as
- To the end that
- For fear that
- In order to
- Seeing/being that
- The researchers used this method so that the results would be valid, reliable, and aligned with the objectives.
- I will not be attending the seminar due to a high fever.
Examples/Support/Emphasis
You can also use transition words in your piece of writing that show examples or support of an idea.
- In other words
- To put it differently
- For one thing
- In particular
- As an illustration
- In this case
- For example
- For instance
- For this reason
- To put it another way
- To demonstrate
- That is to say
- With attention to
- By all means
- To emphasize
- To enumerate
- Particularly
- Significantly
- Specifically
- Surprisingly
- Important to realize
- Another key point
- On the negative side
- First thing to remember
- Must be remembered
- To point out
- Point often overlooked
- She visited several cities, namely Portland, Jacksonville, Charleston, and Hartford.
- Transition words improve writing flow. For instance, we use further to add extra ideas related to the previous statement.
Effect/Consequence/Result
You might also spot transitional devices for essays that show consequences, results, and effects.
- As a result
- In that case
- Under those circumstances
- Accordingly
- Consequently
Consider the examples below.
- We watered the plant for seven days. In effect, it grew three inches taller.
- Because she didn’t study for the test, Anna failed and had to retake it.
Conclusion/Summary/Restatement
These words and phrases show transitions between sentences to show conclusions. You’ll find these words in essay conclusions of different essay types.
- In simple language
- In explanation
- In lay terms
- In a nutshell
- As can be seen
- In simple terms
- Generally speaking
- All things considered
- As shown above
- In the final analysis
- In the long run
- In either case
- Given these points
- As has been noted
- In any event
- On the whole
- By and large
- For the most part
- In conclusion
- To summarize
Note that in lay terms and in explanation are formal alternative choices to “ in a nutshell.”
Here are some examples.
- Matter is a material that occupies space and has mass. In simple language, it is any physical substance.
- I don’t want to climb the corporate ladder. After all, money isn’t everything.
Time/Chronology/Sequence
Linking words’ other role in writing is to show sequence or chronology. Under the time category, these phrases add a meaning of time. You can find these words in an essay introduction when the writer explains how the paper is structured.
- In due time
- From time to time
- At the present time
- Sooner or later
- Up to the present time
- To begin with
- Straightaway
- In the meantime
- In a moment
- Without delay
- All of a sudden
- At this instant
- First, second
- By the time
- Immediately
- Occasionally
- I watched the movie on television. Eventually, I fell asleep.
- First, fill the pan with water. Then, bring it to a boil.
Space/Location/Place
The following transition words are famous adverbial expressions that limit or modify space. Some of these words and phrases are also transition words of time.
- In the middle of
- To the left/right
- In front of
- On this side
- In the distance
- In the foreground
- In the background
- In the center of
- Adjacent to
- Opposite to
Below are sentence examples using transition words of space.
- My house is located behind the building.
- To the left of the supermarket is a flower shop.
Common Mistakes With Transition Words
Transition words help you create a flow of arguments for readers to understand what you’re saying. But misused transition words and phrases will make your writing unclear. Avoid these mistakes to give your readers a better experience.
Starting a Sentence With So, And, and Also
Both so and and are coordinating conjunctions, which means they can start independent clauses that stand on their own. But it’s not recommended to use these words and also as sentence starters in formal writing. For example:
- Incorrect: Also, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
- Correct: Furthermore, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
Combination of Transition Words And/Or
When writing an essay, avoid English transition words and/or because it makes your paper look messy. Instead, consider whether you need both connectors or only one of them. If you need them both, try this alternative.
- Incorrect: boat and/or plane.
- Correct: boat, plane, or both.
Using As Well As as Alternative to And
As well as has a different meaning from the transition word and. And means you’re listing something of equal importance. Meanwhile, as well as is for additional, less essential information. Here’s an example.
- Incorrect: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis as well as provide recommendations for improvement.
- Correct: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis and provide recommendations for improvement.
Archaic Words
Your writing may not make any sense to readers if you overuse archaic transition words like therewith .
For example, hereby means as a result. We can replace it with more modern and explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement is connected to the previous statement.
Linking Words Summary
A linking word is a term that connects different ideas in your text, whether they are contrasting, supporting, or adding. They can improve your writing and help it flow better, I promise!
Regardless of the style of writing, every piece of writing contains linking words to show perfect transitions. I hope my guide on the definition and list of transitions helps you use these words and phrases correctly. Memorize each category, and don’t overuse them in essays.
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- Academic writing
- Commonly confused words
- Critical thinking
- Linking/transition words
- Paraphrasing
- Proofreading
- Terms and definitions
- Action Words: What is description, application, analysis and evaluation
Linking/transition words: Things you need to know...
All assignments are written in formal language. You need to ensure that you demonstrate your knowledge and understanding alongside your ability to answer the question/solve the problem.
Below are some ideas to help you to develop your structure and flow.
- Linking / transition words and phrases join ideas, sentences and paragraphs together. They should be used within sentences and to move from one idea to another (between sentences).
These words and phrases indicate the direction, order and flow of ideas. Significantly, they strengthen the quality and structure of your work.
- Redundant Words - less is more. P articularly when trying to reduce the word count, it is important to look for phrases which can be replaced with a single word.
Linking/Transition Words
Transitions link one main idea to another separated by a semi-colon or full-stop. When the transition word is at the beginning of the sentence, it should be followed by a comma:
Among other functions, they can signal cause and effect or sequencing (see examples in the table below).
| Additional comments or ideas | additionally; also; moreover; furthermore; again; further; then; besides; too; similarly; correspondingly; indeed; regarding. |
| Alternatives | whereas; conversely; in comparison; by contrast; another view is…; alternatively; although; otherwise; instead. |
| Analysing results | therefore; accordingly; as a result of; the result is/results are; the consequence is; resulting from; consequently; it can be seen; evidence illustrates that; because of this; thus; hence; for this reason; owing to x; this suggests that; it follows that; otherwise; in that case; that implies; Author (year) suggests that; |
| Cause / Reason | as a result of; because ( ) |
| Compare | compared with; in the same way; likewise |
| Contrast | by contrast; although; compared with; conversely; despite; however, nevertheless; yet |
| Effect / Result | As a result; therefore; thus |
| Emphasising earlier statements | however; nonetheless; furthermore; in the final analysis; despite x; notwithstanding x; in spite of x; while x may be true, nonetheless although; though; after all; at the same time; even if x is true; count |
| Introducing examples | for example; for instance; namely; such as; as follows; as exemplified by; such as; including; especially; particularly; in particular; notably; mainly; |
| Re-phrasing | in other terms; rather; or; better; in view of this; in contrast |
| Sequencing | first (ly); second (ly); third (ly); another; additionally; finally moreover; also; subsequently; eventually; next; then |
| Summary or Conclusion | in conclusion; therefore; to conclude; on the whole; hence; thus to summarise; altogether; overall; …following the research of…after analysis |
Linking words: conjunctions
Linking words within a sentence are referred to as coordinating conjunctions. Do not worry about the term: think about the function.
| for | connects a reason to a result |
| and | connects equal and similar ideas |
| nor | connects two negative ideas |
| but | connects equal but different ideas |
| or | connects two equal choices |
| yet | connects equal and contrasting ideas |
| so | connects a result to a reason |
Conciseness / redundant words
Microsoft Word now has an additional feature within the Edito r - it is called conciseness or wordiness.
- If you cannot see the Editor menu a quick tip is to hold down the function (fn key at the bottom left of the keyboard) + F7 (top line of keys).
- From the Refinements section - select Conciseness - if there are any suggestions a number will appear in the box alongside this option
- A dotted line will appear under any groups of groups
- Either select the identified text by clicking with your right mouse button OR click on the down down next to the Conciseness menu.
- MS Word will display any alternative words which you can either select and they will be replaced in your text or reject if you want to keep the original phrases.
Examples: try to replace phrases with a single words which mean the same.
| Instead of ... | Use ... |
| employed the use of | used |
| basic fundamentals | fundamentals |
| alternative choices | alternatives |
| in as few words as possible | concisely |
| look into | investigate |
| put on | gained |
| turned down | rejected |
| got better | improved |
| hit and miss | erratic |
| in spite of | although |
Need to know more...
- Related pages
- External links
- Academic writing Illustrates the main features of academic writing so that you are aware of what it is and what it involves
- Critical Thinking Academic work involves thinking, not just accepting what you read or are told.
- Terms and Definitions Important words appear in your assignments and examinations. The aim of this factsheet is to help you to fully understand what they mean.
Additional resources to help you to improve your confidence and grades:-
- Writing Effectively demonstrates the importance of: clarity, structure, relevance, argument and precision.
- Writing Mechanics gives further examples and resources on areas including: sentence structure, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and grammar.
Linking/Transition words - Scribbr https://www.scribbr.co.uk/syntax/transition-words-examples/ [Accessed 10 February 2023]
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Linking words for essays – full list with pdf
Linking words for essays serves an important function in academic writing, and can also improve the overall readability of your work.
In almost all essays, you’ll need to use linking words to connect your ideas and thoughts. It shows the flow of logic in your essay and makes it easier for your reader to understand. However, choosing the right linking word can be tricky — especially if you are a beginner.
Transitional expressions help the reader follow along with your story. They provide context for the reader and help them follow the order of events. Linking words can also help your writing flow more smoothly.
Let’s take a look at some of the most common transitional words and phrases for essays used in academic essays and assignments, how they work, and when they should be used.
- As a result
- As a consequence
- Consequently
- For this reason
- Additionally / an additional
- Furthermore
- As well as that
- In addition
- In addition to this
- Apart from this
- In conclusion
- To summarize
- To conclude
- For example/ For instance
- In this case
- Proof of this
Linking words for essays – full list PDF Download
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75 linking words for academic writing (+examples)
Linking words play an important role in academic writing: They connect different paragraphs, sections or ideas in a text. Therefore, they considerably improve the readability and argumentation of academic texts such as a thesis, dissertation, essay or journal publication. This list of 75 linking words includes examples of how they can be used in academic writing.
Linking words expressing order and sequence in academic writing
Linking words expressing additions in academic writing, linking words expressing cause and effect in academic writing, linking words expressing contrasts and comparisons in academic writing, linking words expressing emphasis in academic writing, linking words expressing illustrations in academic writing, linking words expressing summaries and conclusions in academic writing, linking words expressing conditionality in academic writing, linking words expressing generalisations in academic writing, linking words expressing concessions in academic writing.
1. First(ly), second(ly), third(ly)
Example: First, I review the existing literature on cross-border collaboration. Second, I explain the methodology …
Example: The thesis starts with a literature review. Next, I describe the case study design.
Example: Finally, recommendations for future research are presented.
4. Subsequently
Example: Study participants underwent several experiments and were subsequently examined.
5. Afterwards
Example: The event increased public awareness of this issue. Afterwards, politicians debated it more openly.
6. Eventually
Example: Eventually, this led to the creation of a social movement.
Example: Before scientists discovered the role of neurons in information processing, they assumed that…
8. Previously
Example: Previously, scholars believed that nurture was the most important factor in a child’s development.
Example: Scholars examine the causes and effects of poverty.
10. Furthermore
Example: Furthermore, the data illustrates the number of chemicals that can be found in drinking water.
11. Additionally
Example: Additionally, the interviewee lamented a lack of attention to his work.
12. As well as
Example: Scholars utilise qualitative as well as quantitative methods to study this phenomenon.
13. Besides
Example: Besides the public outreach component, we wrote a handbook to disseminate the research results in the academic community.
Example: The financial compensation was also appreciated by the study participants.
15. Moreover
Example: Moreover, interviewees were asked to describe their own experiences.
You may also like: How to paraphrase a quote: 4 simple strategies
16. Because
Example: This theory was ultimately rejected because it was built on a flawed dataset.
Example: The outcomes improved since different parties joined forces.
Example: As the number of studies increases, better conclusions can be drawn.
Example: Scientists realised that the data analysis had flaws. So they decided not to run the same data analysis again.
20. Therefore
Example: Many researchers have conducted this experiment with similar results. Therefore, this theory can be debunked.
21. Consequently
Example: The literature highlights the importance of age and physical fitness. Consequently, these factors will be investigated further.
Example: Due to a low response rate, the study’s validity is low.
23. Nevertheless
Example: One academic study found the opposite results. Nevertheless, it can be argued that…
Example: Many scholars have explored this issue. Yet, to date, no inclusive framework exists to explain…
25. Although
Example: Although a confidentiality agreement was provided, study participants were hesitant to disclose private information.
26. In spite of
Example: In spite of the different study contexts, all experiments pointed to similar results.
27. Whereas
Example: People often stated that they are aware of the rules whereas they behaved as if they did not.
Example: While older studies often emphasise structural effects, newer ones tend to highlight the role of agency.
29. In contrast
Example: In contrast to previous findings, my analysis shows that…
30. Similarly
Example: One study found that the majority of residents in disadvantaged areas do not have access to sufficient resources. Similarly, my research revealed that most residents live too far away from the services and resources they would need to climb the social ladder.
31. Equally
Example: E qually important, however, is the role of personal beliefs in decision-making processes.
32. Likewise
Example: The interviewee considered this issue important and expected his colleagues to do likewise.
33. On the other hand
Example: On the one hand, research in this field advanced considerably in the last 20 years. On the other hand, a lot remains unclear.
Example: Unlike social scientists, physical scientists often conduct laboratory examinations.
35. Particularly
Example: Particularly relevant for this study is the molecular orbital theory.
36. Especially
Example: Especially younger interviewees expressed dissatisfaction with the status quo.
37. Above all
Example: Above all, this method can generate better insights into the physical processes at hand.
Example: Indeed, motivation turned out to be a defining factor of academic success.
38. Clearly
Example: Clearly, these scholars were not aware of recent advances in medical sciences.
39. Definitely
Example: This was definitely the most important event of the year.
40. Importantly
Example: More importantly, the findings underscore the importance of conflict resolution.
41. Undoubtedly
Example: Undoubtedly, all stakeholders had good intentions.
42. Obviously
Example: Obviously it is too early to draw final conclusions.
43. Of course
Example: Of course, this study should be replicated in a different context.
44. Surprisingly
Example: Surprisingly, all results were unambiguous.
45. Such as
Example: Scientists have explored different parts of the problem, such as CO2 emissions and hydrological processes.
46. For example
Example: Many interviewees were nervous. For example, when asked to describe the event, some of them started to stutter.
47. For instance
Example: Scholars have criticised this approach for different reasons. For instance, they argued that qualitative methods are insufficient to draw generalisable conclusions.
48. In this case
Example: Difficulties arise when no study participants can be found. In this case, alternative methods should be considered.
50. To conclude
Example: To conclude, the empirical analysis supports previous research findings.
51. In conclusion
Example: In conclusion, the reviewed literature highlights a clear research gap.
52. To sum up
Example: To sum up, a mixed methods approach is a better choice than a purely quantitative one.
53. In summary
Example: In summary, it is my opinion that conditions should be improved.
54. In short
Example: In short, scholars call for more research on climate change mitigation.
55. Altogether
Example: Altogether, these examples support the main argument.
Example: Energy supply became a growing problem. Thus, new policies were implemented.
Example: The first dataset was incomplete. Hence, a new dataset had to be developed.
Example: Unless stated otherwise, I refer to the concept as…
59. As long as
Example: As long as the conditions do not change, the results should remain stable.
Example: If scientists study this phenomenon in the future, they should pay attention to structural drivers.
61. Provided that
Example: Provided that nothing changes, the effects on society will be negative.
Example: Should the distribution change, it is fair to expect…
63. Even if
Example: Even if more experiments are conducted, human behaviour remains hard to predict.
Example: Often, this issue was flagged by interviewees themselves.
65. Commonly
Example: Commonly, this criterion is used for categorising plants.
66. Overall
Example: Overall the data confirmed the hypothesis.
67. Typically
Example: Typically emotions run high in such situations.
68. Generally
Example: Generally speaking, scholars address this issue from two angles.
Example: Mainly researchers in the global North discuss this phenomenon.
Example: Mostly, these results cannot be replicated outside of the lab.
71. Even if
Example: This is hard to prove. Even if the study sample is large enough.
72. Regardless of
Example: Regardless of their genetic makeup, mice showcased the same symptoms.
Example: Albeit experiencing setbacks, successful students do not get discouraged.
74. Admittedly
Example: Admittedly, the validity of this study should be increased.
75. Nonetheless
Example: Nonetheless, this study can be seen as a valuable contribution to the international literature.
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IELTS Writing Task 1 and Task 2 – Linking Words (with PDF)
Just how important are linkers for IELTS? When it comes to Writing Task 1 and Writing Task 2, connecting words for IELTS are incredibly important. Overall, they’ll have a significant impact on your band descriptor—in other words, on your IELTS scores. So how do you use IELTS writing linking words well? I’ll show you how in this IELTS linking words PDF!
IELTS Linking Words PDF
Once you’ve downloaded the IELTS linking words PDF , come back to this post to read on. In this post, we’ll look at linkers for IELTS and how you can use connecting words for IELTS tasks to boost your score.
Table of Contents
How to use linking words for ielts writing task 1, how to use linking words for ielts writing task 2, connecting words for both ielts tasks.
- Comparison/Opposition
- Consequence/Result
- Practice with Linking Words for Writing Task 1
Practice with Linking Words for Writing Task 2
Using the ielts linking words pdf, the function of linking words in ielts writing.
The IELTS Writing exam is marked on four criteria : grammar and sentence structure; vocabulary usage; answering the task response; and coherence and cohesion. Each makes up 25% of the overall score. Often, when I read an essay by an ESL student, I’m impressed by their range of vocabulary and their expert grammar use, but disappointed about how incoherently one sentence flows to the next.
In other words? They need more connecting words for IELTS’s higher band descriptors!
To develop coherence and cohesion, we need to use a variety of phrases to link one idea to the next, so that the reader can follow your thinking. How you’ll do this should vary according to the task type that you’re approaching. Take a look at IELTS band descriptors 1 and 2 , then see how to use linkers for IELTS below!
On IELTS Task 1 , you’ll write a report based on two visuals (think: charts and graphs ). You’ll need connecting words for IELTS Task 1 to:
- Transition from a description of one visual to a description of the other
- Compare and contrast key features of the visuals
- Point out and highlight data or details of the visuals
For IELTS Task 2 , you’ll write an extended response to a prompt. In this case, you’ll need linkers for IELTS Task 2 to:
- Present your opinion
- Move between paragraphs
- Provide reasons
- Give examples
- Explain conditions and consequences of different scenarios
Even though the two IELTS Writing tasks are very different, you’ll still need to structure your responses with an introduction in either case. And a conclusion could potentially be used in both tasks as well, although conclusions are optional in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. (See our article on Writing Task 1 Academic paragraph structure for details.) Because of this, IELTS Writing linking words that will help you on both tasks are those that:
- Connect your introduction to your summary of the visuals
- Move from your main discussion to your conclusion.
Categories of Linkers for IELTS Writing
With all of that in mind, let’s take a look at several series of linking words to help you on test day! You can also download these in the IELTS linking words PDF to return to for reinforcement.
While most of these words can be used in either task, I’ve put asterisks (*) by different words that are particularly good for Task 1 or Task 2. Here’s the key:
* Especially good linking words for IELTS Writing Task 1 (Academic) ** Especially good IELTS Writing Task 2 linking words (Note, however, that any of these phrase categories can be pretty useful in either essay!)
- I think/feel/believe that…
- Personally, I feel that…
- As far as I am concerned…
- From my point of view…
- I admit that….
- I concur that…
- I agree that….
- Furthermore,…
- In addition,…
- Additionally,…
- On top of that,…
- Especially,…
- In particular,…
- Particularly,…
- Without a doubt,…
- Obviously,…
- Importantly,…
Comparison/Opposition*
- In contrast,…
- By contrast…
- In comparison,…
- Meanwhile,…
- On the other hand,…
- Alternatively,…
- Nevertheless,…
Condition**
- Unless…
- On the condition that…
- Provided that…
- As long as…
- Supposing that…
Concession**
- Admittedly,…
- Even though…
- In spite of…
- For instance,…
- For example,…
- A very good example is…
- The best example is…
- To illustrate,…
- First of all,…
- To start with…
- Thirdly/fourthly/etc.,…
Consequence/Result**
- As a result,…
- As a consequence,…
- Consequently,…
- Accordingly,…
- Therefore,…
- On that account,…
- For that reason,…
Conclusion**
- In conclusion,…
- To conclude,…
- In the end,…
- To summarize,…
- To sum up,…
Ready to put your knowledge from the IELTS linking words PDF to the test? Here are some exercises you can use to practice using linkers for IELTS!
Practice with IELTS Linking Words for Writing Task 1
You can find the prompt for this question here !
These graphics highlight several key trends. (1) ________, in general terms, slightly more than half the population owned computers in 2002. (2) ________, that number rose to roughly 75% over the next eight years. (3)________, these numbers varied by group. (4)________, postgraduates were always ahead of the general population: roughly three-quarters of postgraduates owned computers in 2002, that figure rose to nearly 95% by 2010. (5)________, those who had not finished high school began with only a 15% computer ownership rate, which increased to about 45% after eight years.
(1) Firstly/First of all/To start with
(2) However/But/Nevertheless
(3) On the other hand/However/But/Nevertheless
(4) Any example linking word would work here except “such as,” because this is the beginning of a sentence.
(1)________, young people need freedom to make choices, especially when it comes to their careers. Deep down, some parents may want their children to choose prestigious careers, or jobs that will impact society in some way. These wishes are normal and not necessarily harmful. (2)________, it can be problematic if these desires turn into firm expectations. (3)________, offering a child freedom does not imply that parents should be absent. Parents should strive to foster open communication about career decisions. (4)_______, if Tim’s aspirations do not line up with his parents’ wishes, he may, (5) _______ fear that approaching them could lead to judgement and confrontation.
(1) Any opinion linking word or phrase would work here except for “I concur that” or “I agree that,” because this is the first idea introduced in the essay.
(2) Admittedly,
(3) However,/But/On the other hand,/Nevertheless,
The best way to improve your use of IELTS Writing linking words is to practice repeatedly, checking your work thoroughly each time. With the IELTS Linking Words PDF, we’ve made this easy for you!
In the IELTS linking words PDF, you’ll find the key information from this post. This includes the lists of linking words, which task(s) each word is best for, and practice using linking words using the exercises below!
Incorporating IELTS Writing linking words into your practice by using the PDF regularly will help you achieve greater fluency for test day–and help you boost your band score. Make it a regular part of your practice! And be sure to read up on the whole IELTS Writing section, so you can study for the test effectively. Magoosh has a complete guide to IELTS Writing that can help.
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Eliot Friesen-Meyers is the Senior Curriculum Manager for Magoosh IELTS and TOEFL. He attended Goshen College (B.A.), New York University (M.A.), and Harvard University (M.T.S.), gaining experience and skills in curriculum development, ESOL instruction, online teaching and learning, and IELTS and TOEFL test prep education. Eliot's teaching career started with Literacy Americorps in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and later, taught ESL programs at Northeastern University, University of California-Irvine, and Harold Washington College. Eliot was also a speaker at the 2019 TESOL International Conference . With over 10 years of experience, he understands the challenges students face and loves helping them overcome those challenges. Come join Eliot on Youtube , Facebook , and Instagram . Recent blog posts Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 1 Complete Guide to IELTS Writing Task 2
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The Ultimate List of Linking Words for Your Essay
Let’s face it: You can’t write an essay (or any other writing piece) without linking words.
Also known as connecting words or transition words, they serve to make your writing flow and help those reading your work follow the flow of your thoughts, ideas , and arguments .
This post is your guide to linking words and their role in writing. Not only will you learn the types of these words, examples, and reasons to use them, but you’ll also get a massive list of transition words and phrases as well as linking words PDF to download and use whenever necessary.
Table of Contents:
What are Linking Words?
Why use transition words in essays, linking words examples, addition/agreement/similarity, contrast/contradiction/limitation/opposition, comparison/concession/condition, clarification, cause/effect/result, emphasis/example, generalization, illustration, location/place/space, reason/reference, time/sequence, summary/conclusion/restatement.
- The Ultimate List of Linking Words: Download
Linking words are lexical items (words and phrases) we use to connect ideas in writing and get a reader to the next sentence or paragraph.
They aren’t about essay writing only:
Whether you write a fiction book, marketing content , academic works, autobiography , or poems, you’ll need to connect ideas. That’s what transition words do:
They link your thoughts and arguments into a chain to show how they relate to each other. Also known as transition words, these phrases often start a sentence or a paragraph. However, you’ll also use them in the middle of sentences to bring ideas together.
The most common places for linking words in essays are:
- the start of a paragraph
- the start of a sentence introducing a new idea or extending an argument
- the beginning of a concluding statement
Essay linking words is an integral part of academic writing. Put it simply, you can’t write a paper without using them; otherwise, your writing won’t make any sense for readers.
Transition words for essay serve to:
- connect ideas in writing
- create a flow of thoughts and arguments for readers to understand what you want to say
- guide readers from one idea to another, demonstrating how they relate to each other
- hook readers and encourage them to read the next sentence or paragraph
- add more information
- support or contrast a point
- show the result, conclude, demonstrate an effect of this or that point
Using essay maker and connecting words, each sentence and paragraph must pass readers on to the next one. These connecting words serve as an instrument to guide readers from one thought or point to the next.
Linking words examples are many, and it’s clear why: every piece of writing contains tons of connecting and transition words. Let’s take an essay sample from Bid4Papers writers to see the example of linking words in academic writing:
This one was an essay introduction .
Now, why not take a step further and look for essay linking words in essay conclusions ?
Types and List of Linking Words to Use in Essays
Below you’ll find the ultimate list of transition words for essays by categories. Choose the role you need a word to play (reason, contrast, emphasis, restatement, etc.) and consider the corresponding table of transitions.
If you need the whole transition words list in one place, jump to the next category of this post to find the downloadable linking words pdf.
And now, for connecting words categories:
These words serve to add info to what you’ve previously stated, demonstrate the commonality between arguments, and support your thoughts.
in the first place again moreover in like manner also of course in the same fashion/way identically correspondingly not to mention additionally just as… so too apart from this last | not only … but also to as well as in addition then likewise first, second, third uniquely similarly to say nothing of too along with further moreover | as a matter of fact and together with coupled with equally comparatively in the light of like furthermore as by the same token besides coupled with not to mention |
Linking words for contrast is your instrument to show how things are different and provide counterarguments. They work best in persuasive and critical essays.
| however nevertheless nonetheless in contrast/in comparison while whereas conversely differing from even so although this may be true otherwise albeit besides be that as it may | still although / even though though on the other hand on the contrary alternatively in opposition instead nor different from at the same time even though then again regardless | but yet despite / in spite of as opposed to contrarily contrary to rather though unlike of course …, but albeit above all in reality after all |
These lexical items will help you if you need to provide conditions to your statements, show how things are different/similar, or accept a point with reservation.
| similarly likewise also compare(d) to / with not only…but also alike equally in a similar manner in common still another although this may be true as on the condition that only if admittedly all the same even though however despite | like just as just like as with both by the same token in like manner in the same way because of even if given that since then unless although and still and yet nevertheless nonetheless | similar to same as compare correspondingly either equal most important resembles similarly granted that if in that case when whenever while be that as it may even if even so up to a point |
These words will help you with personal or narrative essays: They are linking words in opinion writing that indicates you’re going to explore ideas in more detail.
Expository essays will win with these words too.
| I mean in explanation in lay terms to clearly define to explain | in other words in simple terms simply put to put it clearly to put it in another way | simply stated that is to say to break it down to simplify to make plain |
Cause and effect connecting words do what their name says exactly: demonstrating a cause of some point and providing the result of what has been done or started.
| if in case granted (that) … then for the purpose of when so that in the hope that while due to in view of while lest hence | provided that as/so long as unless with this intention whenever so as to to the end that for fear that because of so as a result as a consequence (of) for this reason thereupon | given that on (the) condition (that) only/even if with this in mind since owing to inasmuch as in order to as seeing / being that therefore thus consequently forthwith then |
These words are for putting forward your point more forcefully, providing examples.
| undoubtedly indeed obviously for instance that is (i.e.) such as chiefly clearly definitely it should be noted naturally never to repeat on the negative side significantly on the positives side to enumerate another key point first thing to remember to emphasize to put it another way truly | generally admittedly in fact including namely specifically especially even importantly obviously of course particularly / in particular truly with this in mind point often overlooked frequently to explain by all means surely in this case to demonstrate for this reason | particularly / in particular especially for example to illustrate above all absolutely in detail in truth indeed positively surprisingly to clarify with attention without a doubt specifically most compelling evidence expressively that is to say with attention to certainly for one thing as an illustration to be sure |
Perfect transition words for hypothesis essays , generalization lexical items serve to make a general statement you’ll then specify and prove in detail.
| as a rule broadly speaking commonly mostly normally often | for the most part generally speaking in general/ generally predominately regularly typically | in most cases mainly more often than not on the whole overall |
These words and phrases are for you to provide examples in essays.
| as an example of for example/ for instance for one thing like namely on this occasion | illustrated by in another case in the case of proof of this specifically such as | in this case in this situation including to demonstrate to clarify to simplify |
Use these words to provide order and reference or clarify spatial relationships between your points or ideas.
| in the middle here further on this side where wherever in the foreground near alongside down beneath adjacent to underneath around | to the left/right there beyond in the distance from around in the background above up beside opposite to under surrounding at the rear | in front of next nearby here and there over before in the center of below among behind between across on top/on bottom adjacent |
These transitional words will help you demonstrate relationships between ideas and provide reasons for what and why has started or occurred.
| because of for the purpose of given that seeing that so that with this in mind as applied to as far as concerning the fact that | granted that in fact in order to with this intention with this purpose for considering in connection to in terms with regards to | in view of owing to provided that because since as regarding speaking about/of with respect to examples of these might be: |
Use these words in your essay when you need to indicate the time and order of what you say.
| at the present time after henceforth at the same time until meanwhile in due time then first, second as long as forthwith in the meantime by the time in the first place next formerly instantly quickly | from time to time later whenever up to the present time till further until now before in time when straight away in a moment whenever all of a sudden now suddenly presently finally | sooner or later last eventually to begin with since during as soon as hence prior to once without delay about at this instant now that immediately shortly occasionally another |
Restatement words will help you express an alternative to what you previously stated. They work for all essay types, including rhetorical precis and dialectic essays .
Use summary and conclusion transitional phrases to sum up your points and come up with the final paragraph of your writing.
| as can be seen after all overall all things considered in conclusion by and large given these points in essence in any event for the most part altogether as noted therefore | generally speaking in fact ordinarily as shown above in short to sum up as has been noted to summarize in either case in the end as you can see to conclude | in the final analysis in summary usually in the long run in brief on the whole in a word on balance all in all in the final analysis finally given these points ultimately |
The Ultimate List of Connecting Words: Download
And now, for the most interesting and practical part:
Below you can find the linking words worksheet that gathers all the most commonly used transitional words in essays. Feel free to download this linking words PDF and refer to it every time you write an essay and experience writer’s block:
Do you need more guides and worksheets like this to assist you with academic writing? Please share your ideas in the comments, and our writers will be happy to help!
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Writing has long been regarded as the most daunting skill to learn among the four language skills, especially for IELTS learners. To address this, various researches have given bases on how learners could benefit from learning writing strategies to level up their writing skill prior to writing their own pieces. This paper aimed to report students’ perspectives on the use of collaborative write-aloud to help students identify their preferred writing strategies and improve their writing score in one IELTS classroom. Five IELTS learners were interviewed to collect data which were then analyzed using Thematic Analysis. The findings revealed that collaborative write-aloud helped the students choose effective writing strategies to develop their writing skill
Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Shahid Hussain Mughal
Coherence and cohesion are considered two main elements of essay writing. Despite their importance in writing, they are still regarded as difficult to teach and learn as compared to grammar and spelling. Theme-rheme development is suggested to be a tool to teach coherence and cohesion in writing. This experimental study was carried out to verify whether the teaching of theme-rheme approach helps the learners to improve their textual coherence. Forty graduate-level students (20 males and 20 females), aging between 19 and 23, participated in the study. The participants were equally divided into two groups. The experimental group was taught coherence and cohesion by using the thematic progression method, whereas the controlled group was taught by using the ordinary method. Pre- and post-tests were conducted to compare the effects of the thematic progression method. The findings show that the teaching of coherence and cohesion through the thematic progression method helped the learners ...
Vineta Apse
Use of linking words (LWs) in student writing in English has been in the centre of research interest in several countries recently. However, it has mainly dealt with the error analysis of the use of LWs. This study attempts to focus more on analysing tertiary level student performance before and after doing several specially designed practice tasks that are related to both language and business contexts that are employed by the study programme. The goal of the research was to determine whether students have improved their skills to use LWs in academic essays after additional training. The research was a case study. In order to attain the research goal, first, a pre-test was given to 29 first-year undergraduate students in Latvia and the errors regarding the use of LWs were analysed. Then, practice tasks were designed to address the problem areas. At the end, it was analysed what improvement in students’ use of LWs can be observed in the examination essay. The results of the pre-test...
Monograph Thesis
Tomás Mateus
The present study is an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of explicit instruction of discourse connectors upon learners‘ written production or writing proficiency. A vast majority of 2nd year students at ISPH (Instituto Superior Politécnico da Huíla), more often than not, tend to underuse, overuse, and misuse discourse connectors in their pieces of writing. As a consequence, there tend to have no cohesion or coherence in their pieces of writing. To this end, 30 Information Technology and Computer Science Engineering EFL students with the age range above 15 up to 30 were selected at ISPH. Strictly speaking, 26 of them were males and 3 were females. Then two writing tests (a pre-test and a post-test) were employed in the present study: A pre-test to assess their prior knowledge and use of discourse connectors, and a post-test to measure students‘ writing proficiency after the explicit instruction of discourse connectors. Thus, these tests entailed two groups (the control and experiential groups): the control group received no explicit instruction on discourse connectors, whereas students in the experimental group received an explicit treatment on discourse connectors. Thus, results indicated that the students in the control group encountered several difficulties in using them. In contrast, the students in the experimental group (who received explicit instruction on discourse connectors) proved that they had a quite good command of them in their writing. Thus, the study concluded that explicit instruction of discourse connectors should be encouraged as a condition or means to develop students‘ writing proficiency and to avoid lack of cohesion or coherence in their pieces of writing.
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- Why use linking words?
Develop cohesion
Linking words are an important way of developing a logical flow of ideas. They act as signposts for the reader so they can follow the way the writer has organised their ideas.
In the text below, notice how the writer uses linking words to develop the flow of their argument.
Do teams in organisations need leaders?
How and why the leader was selected also appears to affect the leader’s effectiveness. For example , Maxwell (2011) asserts that teams work better if they elect their own leader. However , Smith’s research (2010) shows that team leaders are mainly selected on a hierarchical basis. Furthermore , in most cases when leaders were not elected democratically, team members reported a lack of confidence in their leaders’ competence and knowledge.
How and why the leader was selected also appears to affect the leader’s effectiveness. [linking word: For example], Maxwell (2011) asserts that teams work better if they elect their own leader. [linking word: However], Smith’s research (2010) shows that team leaders are mainly selected on a hierarchical basis. [linkin word: Furthermore], in most cases when leaders were not elected democratically, team members reported a lack of confidence in their leaders’ competence and knowledge.
Show connections between the ideas
Linking words enable the writer to show the connections between ideas. In the next example, notice how the use of linking words emphasises the writer’s analysis of their research.
One factor within the team that seems to be important is the notion of team cohesiveness. Significantly , team cohesiveness enables a diverse group of individuals to work towards common goals. Maxwell (2011, p.107) argues that highly cohesive teams ‘have clear goals and successful outcomes’. For example , cohesive teams are more likely to work well together, have enthusiasm for their work (Brown 2009) and so achieve a high rate of success (Zheng & Hui 2008). Therefore , team cohesiveness has been shown to enhance team effectiveness.
One factor within the team that seems to be important is the notion of team cohesiveness. [linking word: Significantly], team cohesiveness enables a diverse group of individuals to work towards common goals. Maxwell (2011, p.107) argues that highly cohesive teams ‘have clear goals and successful outcomes’. [linking word: For example], cohesive teams are more likely to work well together, have enthusiasm for their work (Brown 2009) and so achieve a high rate of success (Zheng & Hui 2008). [linking word: Therefore], team cohesiveness has been shown to enhance team effectiveness.
- Paragraph structure
- Paragraphs activity
- Topic sentences
- Common linking words
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Linking Words To Use In An Essay
Table of Contents
Linking words are those words that showcase a connection between sentences. Linking words help in forming the uniformity in the essay. These words are also known as transition words and used to show a relation among paragraphs or different sections in an essay. As the name suggests, Linking words bridge the gap between the ideas or concepts written in the essays. Your text seems to be more cohesive with the usage of linking words. Use proper linking words to reduce the reading efforts of the readers. Readers don’t want to take mental stress in understanding your essay. Therefore, it is necessary to make things easy for them.
Different types of linking words in an essay
It is not an easy task to compose a compelling essay. If you want to make your essay more appealing and expressive, then focus on three things, first is research, presentation and persuasion. If you don’t have a knack for writing, then you will fail miserably in forming a cohesive essay with judicial use of linking words.
Linking words play an important role in any type of essay. Without linking words, the information presented in an essay is just a dump of words. If you don’t want your essay to be clunky and disjointed one, use linking words and phrases correctly.
There are various categories of linking words one can use while writing an essay. Today in this blog, you will read 8 main categories and linking words list to be used while framing an essay. So here are 8 types of linking words to be used in an essay:
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Linking words list for order and sequence
Flow is necessary for any type of essay. If there is an absence of flow of ideas, thoughts or logic in your essay, it will lose its glory. Here is a linking words list that helps by showing a sequence order in the essay.
- First/ Second/ Third or Firstly/ secondly/ Thirdly
- Primary/ Secondary
- At the same time
- At this point of time
- Concurrently
- First of all
- Following this
- In the first place
- The next step
- In the beginning
- It all started when
- Once upon a time
- To begin with/ To start with
Linking words list to show a comparison
In various types of essays such as argumentative essay writing, compare and contrast essay writing, you might need to show comparison. Read different comparative essay examples to understand the role of these words in making a comparison. Therefore, you can follow the following words to make the comparison more clear. Here is a linking words list to show comparison:
- Just as … so too
- In the same time
- By the same token
- In the same way
Linking words list for contrasting
Just like the way you need linking words to show comparison, there are words that are used to show the contrast as well. Here is a of linking words list to show contrast:
- However/ Nevertheless
- Alternatively
- Despite this
- On the contrary
- In spite of
Illustrating an example linking words list
Almost all types of essays require evidence or some examples to prove a specific point of view. But just telling an example may sound blunt. That is why we use linking words to show examples in a beautified manner. Have a look at the linking words list:
- For example
- For instance
- In other words
- An instance
- As revealed by
- To show that
- In the case of
- As an example
- For one thing
Linking words list for additions
If you want to add some more information you can use addition linking words to convey the right meaning. Using “also” or “and” everywhere in the essay can take the charm away. So here is a linking words list you can use to while adding new information.
- Furthermore
- In addition
- Specifically
- To illustrate
- To demonstrate
- In line manner
- Not only … but also
- What’s more
- By the same
Cause and effect linking words list
In any essay, if you want to draw a rational conclusion, you need to use cause and effect words. This makes a good connection of the whole essay with a conclusion. Use these linking words in an essay to show the cause and effect relationship.
- Consequently
- As a result of
- As a consequence of
- Contributes to
- For this reason
- Results from
- Is the result of
- Is the consequence of
- Is caused by
Linking words list to Conclude
A good essay is one that is having a good conclusion. While most of the students use almost the same words to conclude their essays, here you have the chance to conclude the essay with some good words. Look at the linking words list for an excellent conclusion:
- To conclude
- In conclusion
- On the whole
- Summarising
- By and large
- All things considered
- In the long run
- For the most part
- By the large
- As a result
As you can see there are 8 main types of linking word categories that can be used while writing an essay. For more understanding visit smartwords.org .
But just using these words is not enough. You need to adjust and position them correctly or else, they will fail to tempt the readers.
In the next paragraph, I will be showing how to use these words in the sentences.
How to position linking or transition words in an essay
Using linking words correctly in an essay is not rocket science. You can learn it easily, all you need is the focus while writing an essay. There are three ways or I should say positions where you can fit your connecting words or linking words.
The first position is: At the beginning of the sentence
You can start a sentence with a linking word that provides a reference to the previous point. Have a look at some examples to understand more clearly.
- One can have a lot of difficulty in writing creatively. However, creative writing is a useful skill.
- I am not a big fan of marvel comics. On the other hand, I like their concept.
- I fumble a lot while speaking. As a result, I fail to clear interviews.
The second position is: In the middle of the sentence
In an essay, you can use linkings words in the middle of the sentences as well. Usually, we write it after the subject. Learn how to use through the following examples.
- One cannot escape from failures. They are, however, good lessons of life.
- I am not good at grammar, as a result, I fail to get good grades in academic assignments.
- The correct information is required for a good essay, but ideas too, play an important role.
The third position is: At the end of the sentence
At times you can use the connection or linking words at the end of the essay. It makes sense, you can see that in the following sentences.
- Learning grammatical rules is a tough process. It is very useful, however.
- I am not a lover of poetry. I love to recite them, on the other hand.
- I am not a confident speaker. I get nervous in public speaking, as a result.
I hope the above-mentioned information will help you to understand the correct use of linking words in an essay. For more help, you can visit Englishathome.com and learn more about the words to use in essays.
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Common Linking Words For Essays
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SEQUENCE First of all, firstly, secondly, second, thirdly, next, last. In conclusion, to sum up One…., Another…. On one hand, on the other hand
ADDITION In addition (to this), Also, furthermore, as well as moreover, besides
CAUSE For this reason, since, because of this, as, because
EFFECT So, hence, thus, due to Therefore, consequently, as a result
EMPHASIS Undoubtedly, Obviously, Clearly, Particularly, Generally Indeed, In fact, Especially, Admittedly
COMPARISON Similarly, Likewise Also, too, just as, like, the same as not only...but also, to compare with.
CONTRAST However, Although, Even though, though Nevertheless, Despite, In spite of On the other hand But
EXAMPLE For example, for instance Such as Namely, That is Including Writing part2
20 points Content: 5 Communicative achievement: 5 Language: 5 Organisation: 5
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
(The transitional words and phrases below have been assigned only once to somewhat artificial categories, although some words belong to more than one category.) Agreement / Addition / Similarity Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction Cause / Condition / Purpose Examples / Support / Emphasis Effect / Consequence / Result
Linking words are essential in developing coherent, logical arguments and discussion in your assignments. They show the relationships between the ideas and are the glue that holds your assignment together. The table below provides an overview of commonly-used linking words.
Linking words, Connectin Words, Conjunctions, Transitions Created Date: 3/6/2014 4:33:01 PM ...
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence. Transition words example
Linking words and phrases are connectors or transitional phrases. They are also part of formal language, so you'll find them in academic writing, opinion writing, critical essays, dialectic essays, journalism, and business documents. Some linking verbs link clauses within a sentence, such as although, in case, and whatever.
LINKING AND REPORTING WORDS Linking words, or 'transition signals', show the relationships between your information and ideas. They can show order, lists, comparisons and cause and effect. Using these words makes your writing much clearer for your reader, as they guide your reader through your writing, and tell your reader about the
Sentence starters, linking words, transitional phrases To access a large on-line academic writing phrase bank go HERE To download a large PDF academic writing phrase bank go HERE
Linking words: conjunctions Linking words within a sentence are referred to as coordinating conjunctions. Do not worry about the term: think about the function. Conciseness / redundant words Microsoft Word now has an additional feature within the Editor - it is called conciseness or wordiness.
50 linking words to use in academic writing. academic writing. linkers. essay writing. thesis. ESL. English. It's very common for students to use long words they don't understand very well in their essays and theses because they have a certain idea of what academic writing should be. Many students believe that academic writing is wordy and ...
Linking words for essays - full list with pdf Linking words for essays serves an important function in academic writing, and can also improve the overall readability of your work. In almost all essays, you'll need to use linking words to connect your ideas and thoughts.
Linking words play an important role in academic writing: They connect different paragraphs, sections or ideas in a text. Therefore, they considerably improve the readability and argumentation of academic texts such as a thesis, dissertation, essay or journal publication.
Connectives worksheet. Coordinating conjunctions - exercises. But / and / so / because / or. Because / so - pdf exercises. Conjunctions test - worksheet. Conjunctions - handout. Conjunctions - handouts. Coordinating conjunctions. Connectives and linking words.
Using the IELTS Linking Words PDF The Function of Linking Words in IELTS Writing The IELTS Writing exam is marked on four criteria: grammar and sentence structure; vocabulary usage; answering the task response; and coherence and cohesion. Each makes up 25% of the overall score.
Connectives and Linking Phrases (B2) CON004 - Connectives and Linking Words. CON003 - Connectives and Linking Phrases. CON002 - Connectives and Linking Phrases. CON001 - Connectives.
Types and List of Linking Words to Use in Essays: Addition/Agreement/Similarity Contrast/Contradiction/Limitation/Opposition Comparison/Concession/Condition Clarification Cause/Effect/Result Emphasis/Example Generalization Illustration Location/Place/Space Reason/Reference Time/Sequence Summary/Conclusion/Restatement
Download Free PDF IELTS essay vocabulary linking words and cohesive devices IELTS up Jenifer Fernandez See Full PDF Download PDF Related Papers Amr Mohammed Download Free PDF View PDF 2014 • Anthea Fester
Develop cohesion Linking words are an important way of developing a logical flow of ideas. They act as signposts for the reader so they can follow the way the writer has organised their ideas. Example In the text below, notice how the writer uses linking words to develop the flow of their argument. Do teams in organisations need leaders?
Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2 Linking words are essential for IELTS writing task 2 to get a high score. The word list below will help you show the examiner a range of connecting words to get a high score in the criterion of Coherence and Cohesion which is 25% of your marks. You will be checked on your range, accuracy and your ...
Linking words help in forming the uniformity in the essay. These words are also known as transition words and used to show a relation among paragraphs or different sections in an essay. As the name suggests, Linking words bridge the gap between the ideas or concepts written in the essays.
Linking words and phrases for beginning new paragraphs At the beginning of each paragraph, you should aim to provide a clear topic sentence that tells the reader the subject of the paragraph, and also connects the paragraph with the previous paragraph or the main topic of the assignment. The following words and expressions are fre-
Common Linking Words for Essays - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site.
Most of the linking words are revised including: 'and, but, so, because, because of, although, eventhough, though, however, etc' 1446 uses conceicaooliveira Linking words This is a grammar worksheet I've given to my students to practice contrast clauses. Students are going to rephrase some given sentences. There is no solution. Hope it'... 918 uses
3. Introduce your essay by restating the question in your own words. 4. Show understanding of both sides of the argument. 5. Use linking words to connect your ideas. 6. Draw your conclusion from the main ideas in your essay. Don't introduce new ideas at the end.